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Agenda Packet June 6 2016PERSON COUNTY BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS MEETING AGENDA 304 South Morgan Street, Room 215 Roxboro, NC 27573-5245 336-597-1720 Fax 336-599-1609 June 6, 2016 7:00pm CALL TO ORDER…………………………………………………... Chairman Newell INVOCATION PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE DISCUSSION/ADJUSTMENT/APPROVAL OF AGENDA RECOGNITION: ITEM #1 Resolution of Appreciation …………………………………………. Chairman Newell County Retiree, Judith Shepard BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING: ITEM #2 Fiscal Year 2016-2017 Recommended Budget …………………….. Chairman Newell 1 INFORMAL COMMENTS The Person County Board of Commissioners established a 10 minute segment which is open for informal comments and/or questions from citizens of this county on issues, other than those issues for which a public hearing has been scheduled. The time will be divided equally among those wishing to comment. It is requested that any person who wishes to address the Board, register with the Clerk to the Board prior to the meeting. ITEM #3 DISCUSSION/ADJUSTMENT/APPROVAL OF CONSENT AGENDA A. Approval of Minutes of May 16, 2016 UNFINISHED BUSINESS: ITEM #4 Decision on roadway name for R-2241A ………………………………. Sallie Vaughn NEW BUSINESS: ITEM #5 Home & Community Care Block Grant Funding 2016-2017 ……… Maynell Harper ITEM #6 Lease between Piedmont Community College and Person County Government for the Workforce Development Center Space …….................................................................... Heidi York ITEM #7 Farmland Preservation Plan …………………………………………… Paul Westfall CHAIRMAN’S REPORT MANAGER’S REPORT COMMISSIONER REPORTS/COMMENTS Note: All Items on the Agenda are for Discussion and Action as deemed appropriate by the Board. 2 RESOLUTION OF APPRECIATION WHEREAS, Judith Shepard has served the people of Person County in many capacities during her tenure working as a Deputy Register of Deeds; and WHEREAS, Judith Shepard has served the citizens of Person County with honor, integrity, sincerity and dedication, providing accurate, concise services for nine years, July, 2007 – May, 2016; and WHEREAS, Judith Shepard has earned the respect and admiration of all who have known her and worked with her throughout her career; and WHEREAS, the County of Person recognizes the many contributions Judith Shepard has made to the County and offers her sincere best wishes for her retirement. NOW, THEREFORE, I, David Newell, Sr., Chairman of the Person County Board of Commissioners, do hereby extend this Resolution of Appreciation to Judith Shepard for continually striving to make Roxboro and Person County a better place to live and work. Adopted this the 6th day of June, 2016. ____________________________________ David Newell, Sr., Chairman Person County Board of Commissioners Attest: ____________________________________ Brenda B. Reaves, Clerk to the Board 3 NOTICE OF BUDGET PUBLIC HEARING PERSON COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS Official notice is hereby given that the Fiscal Year 2016-2017 Budget for Person County has been presented to the Board of Commissioners by the County Manager, and is available for public inspection in the Office of the Clerk to the Board of Commissioners in Room 212 of the Person County Office Building, from 8:30 a.m. until 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday, at the Public Library during operating hours, and on Person County’s website, www.personcounty.net. In accordance with N. C. General Statute 159-12(b), the Person County Board of Commissioners will conduct a Budget Public Hearing on Monday, June 6, 2016, at 7:00 p.m. The Budget Public Hearing will be held in the Board of Commissioners’ usual meeting room 215 in the Person County Office Building, 304 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, NC and citizens will have an opportunity to make informal comments concerning the proposed budget. Brenda B. Reaves, NCCCC, CMC Clerk to the Board 4 May 16, 2016 1 PERSON COUNTY BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS MAY 16, 2016 MEMBERS PRESENT OTHERS PRESENT David Newell, Sr. Heidi York, County Manager Tracey L. Kendrick C. Ronald Aycock, County Attorney Jimmy B. Clayton Brenda B. Reaves, Clerk to the Board Kyle W. Puryear B. Ray Jeffers The Board of Commissioners for the County of Person, North Carolina, met in regular session on Monday, May 16, 2016 at 9:00am in the Commissioners’ meeting room in the Person County Office Building. Chairman Newell called the meeting to order. Commissioner Clayton gave an invocation and Captain Kevin Crabtree led the group in the Pledge of Allegiance. DISCUSSION/ADJUSTMENT/APPROVAL OF AGENDA: Chairman Newell announced the following two requests to be added to the agenda: 1) Person County Sheriff’s Office Application for Bullet Proof Vests Grant to follow the item on the agenda for the Sheriff’s Office, and 2) Mr. Larry Cole to discuss the proposed NC DOT changes to Madison Boulevard to be the first item of new business. A motion was made by Commissioner Puryear and carried 5-0 to add the items requested above to the agenda and to approve the agenda as adjusted. INFORMAL COMMENTS: There were no comments from the public. 5 May 16, 2016 2 DISCUSSION/ADJUSTMENT/APPROVAL OF CONSENT AGENDA: A motion was made by Commissioner Jeffers and carried 5-0 to pull the Proclamation for Eder Abuse Awareness Day on June 2, 2016 to be read and to approve the Consent Agenda with the following items: A. Approval of Minutes of May 2, 2016, B. Budget Amendment #19, C. Green Growth grant in the amount of $10,000 (match met with in-kind donations, no county funds to be appropriated), D. Consideration to change the November 14, 2016 regular scheduled Board meeting to November 21, 2016 to accommodate Local Government Day, E. Tax Adjustments for the month of May 2016 a. Tax Releases, and b. NC Vehicle Tax System pending refunds UNFINISHED BUSINESS: DECISION ON ROADWAY NAME FOR R-2241A: Ms. Sallie Vaughn, GIS Manager appeared before the Board to further discuss the Board’s decision on Roadway name for R-2241A (US 501 from NC 49 in Roxboro to South of SR 1502/Mill Creek Rd). At the Board’s April 4, 2016 meeting several suggestions were made for roadway names to be researched in conjunction with NC DOT staff. Ms. Vaughn confirmed to the Board that the roadway name of Veterans Memorial Highway was unavailable for Person County’s use. Ms. Vaughn noted the roadway name honoring professional golfer and Roxboro native, Jim Thorpe was a viable option. A motion was made by Vice Chairman Kendrick and carried 5-0 to table Board action on this item until the Board’s next meeting so that the Thorpe family could be contacted. 6 May 16, 2016 3 PROPOSED NC DOT CHANGES TO MADISON BOULEVARD: Mr. Larry Cole requested to be on the Board’s agenda to make the Board aware of his concerns, as a business owner located on the Madison Boulevard, of the impacts of the proposed NC DOT plan to change the traffic flow of Madison Blvd, if funded. Mr. Cole spoke in opposition to the plan as the plan did not include turning lanes; he said that a grassy median without turning lanes from Weeks Drive to the 4-way intersection at Madison Blvd/N. Main Street was not feasible and that the right lane in both directions would be backed up. Mr. Cole noted that the proposed medians in the areas that have residential or no business access would not impact businesses along that stretch but in the business district section of the Boulevard, he requested consideration for cross-over lanes or dual turning lanes to be included in the plan. Mr. Cole stated he wanted the Board to hear from a business owner perspective noting his concerns would ring true for emergency personnel as well. Mr. Cole indicated he would be appearing before Roxboro City Council as well on this issue. Chairman Newell asked the County Planning Director, Mike Ciriello to explain the Commissioners’ role in the proposed DOT plan. Mr. Ciriello explained that the Board of Commissioners, Roxboro City Council and the state, in 2012, approved the Comprehensive Transportation Plan based on the findings of facts which included considerations of traffic flow, crashes, facility capacity and the ability to handle increased traffic over time. Madison Boulevard has a current traffic flow 15,000 plus vehicles per day; 1,640 accidents have been recorded on this facility during the period of 2010-2015. Mr. Ciriello noted the goals for NC DOT was to increase safety and for the facility to meet the needed capacity. Mr. Ciriello further noted that the proposed plan had scored well and may be funded in small projects to address vehicular, bike and pedestrian traffic. Mr. Cole asked the Board if all business owners could be sent a letter informing them of the proposed DOT changes. Mr. Ciriello noted the project has been discussed for five years and he was happy to talk with individuals or business owners at any time. It was the consensus of the Board for any funding given priority for Person County to be received and its intention for all parties to work out the details in a coordinated effort. The Board asked Mr. Ciriello to address the merchants group to further discuss and explain the proposed plan as well as communicate any concerns with the County’s designated DOT engineer. Chairman Newell asked Mr. Ciriello to provide the Board with an update in three months. 7 May 16, 2016 4 NEW BUSINESS: COUNTY EMPLOYEE HEALTH BENEFITS PLAN FOR FY16-17: County Manager, Heidi York noted the health insurance renewal options are under review with the County’s brokers Thompson-Allen Insurance of Roxboro and Scott Benefit Services of Raleigh. With open enrollment scheduled for May 25th and 26th for all County employees, Ms. York requested the Board to review the renewal information to determine the most fiscally responsible option that also addresses the needs of the County’s workforce. Ms. York further noted the County currently enrolls 407 subscribers to the health benefits plan at a rate of $540.43 per employee per month or $6,485.16 per employee annually. Ms. York stated the upcoming Fiscal Year would be the County’s second year in a self-insured plan whereby the county pays the actual claims per employee. A new option for discussion was a proposed two-tiered plan option allowing employees to choose their deductible level and a contribution rate if they select the higher/richer plan. The renewal was projected 13.1% higher cost than current year for an annual cost estimate of $3M or about $600 per employee per month; an estimate of $7,724 per employee annually. Ms. York asked brokers Phillip Allen and Bryan Bickley to present their health benefits renewal analysis to the Board. Mr. Bickley stated the health benefits costs was attributed to 15% fixed costs and 85% variable costs. The 85% variable costs was based on actual claims. Based on the current fiscal year plan data, Mr. Bickley told the group that 55% of members spent less than $1,000 and 73% of members spent less than $2,000 noting a smaller percentage, 27% of members spent 85% of total plan. Mr. Bickley stated these statistics made a less valuable plan appropriate for many employees; they would pay nothing in premiums but the plan would be about 11% less rich. Mr. Bickley said for the County to increase participation in the lesser rich plan he recommended the County have employees pay a monthly contribution for the richer plan. Mr. Bickley presented the group with an overview of the single option plan and a two-tier option plan, both with a 13.1% increase for renewal. The increase in renewal includes an 8.1% increase for the health plan along with a 5% marginal increase. The two options are outlined as follows: 8 May 16, 2016 5 The single option plan as shown above illustrated the current state and the renewal with the only change being the 13.1% increase. 9 May 16, 2016 6 The two-tier option plan as shown above illustrated the current state with the renewal funding increase of 13.1% with a new option decrement of .89 based on 10% enrollment in the option 2 (the Low Option or the less richer plan). 10 May 16, 2016 7 Mr. Bickley proceeded to highlight the two-tier plan using the above benefit analysis with the High Option continuing the current health benefit plan with employee contribution of $25.00 per month or the Low Option which has no employee contribution with reduced benefits, i.e., higher deductible, higher out-of pocket maximum and a pharmacy reduction. 11 May 16, 2016 8 The single option plan was projected to cost the County $2,985,229 while the two- tier option plan (as shown) was estimated to cost $2,841,847 noting the costs of the two- tier option would vary based on enrollment shift. County Manager, Heidi York stated the budget for insurance will remain the same regardless of which option the Board favored noting any savings would be reflected in the County reserve for the next fiscal year. The main differences shown in the two-tier plan was that the Low Option subscriber would have a $2,000 annual deductible instead of $1,000; for a family, the annual deductible would be $4,000 instead of $2,000. Also the out-of-pocket maximum for an individual would be $4,000 instead of $3,000 and for a family the out-of-pocket maximum $8,000 instead of $6,000. In addition, retail pharmacy copays would be increased for brand-name prescriptions to $100 from $45 or $60 and specialty prescription drugs will increase from 10% to 20% to a maximum of $350 which was limited at $250. Mr. Bickley noted that the modeled scenario of 10% of the workforce choosing the Low Option plan would cost the County just under $200,000 more than the current fiscal year for health benefits whereas the single plan option would have increased the spending by $345,769. Mr. Bickley offered that employees would be provided to links and tools to assist with the decision to which option plan would best suit their needs. Commissioner Jeffers said he was not in favor of the two-tier option plan. He felt the County’s benefit package should be the best to retain its employees; by charging for the same coverage that was received for free, this weakens the benefits and they may decide to cross county lines for higher salaries and better benefits. Commissioner Clayton agreed with Commissioner Jeffers. Vice Chairman Kendrick advocated for giving the employee the option to pick the appropriate plan and to save the taxpayers money in the end. He added that if the County did not build a reserve, it is likely taxes may have to be raised to continue to pay for health insurance coverage for employees. A motion was made by Commissioner Puryear and carried 3-2 to approve the two- tier County Employee Health Benefits Plan for Fiscal Year 2016-2017. Commissioner Puryear, Vice Chairman Kendrick and Chairman Newell voted in favor of the motion. Commissioners Clayton and Jeffers cast the dissenting votes. 12 May 16, 2016 9 GOVERNORS CRIME COMMISSION GRANT FOR THE PERSON COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE FOR BODY WORN CAMERAS AND PERSON COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE APPLICATION FOR BULLET PROOF VESTS GRANT: Captain Kevin Crabtree requested Board approval of the Governors Crime Commission Grant for the Person County Sheriff’s Office for Body Worn Cameras. Captain Crabtree told the group that the Governors Crime Commission Grant award amount was $48,959 which mandated a $2 match per $1 grant funding. Captain Crabtree noted this grant would be used to purchase 27 Body Cameras and equipment for data downloads and needed storage which had to be in place by June 30, 2016. The County match of $32,640 would be funded through the Law Enforcement Restricted Fund for $16,319.00 in state grant funding. Captain Crabtree requested Board approval to apply for a Bullet Proof Vest Grant in the amount of $12,564 which would require a 50% county match for 20 Bullet Proof Vests. The funding sources would be as follows: • $6,282.00 Person County’s match will be funded from the Law Enforcement Restricted Fund, and • $6,282.00 state funds A motion was made by Commissioner Jeffers and carried 5-0 to approve the Governors Crime Commission Grant for the Person County Sheriff’s Office for Body Worn Cameras and to appropriate the County match from the Law Enforcement Restricted Fund to match state funding and to approve the Person County Sheriff’s Office Application for Bullet Proof Vests Grant, thus appropriating $6,282 from the Law Enforcement Restricted Fund to match the same amount of state funding. PROCLAMATION FOR ELDER ABUSE AWARENESS DAY ON JUNE 2, 2016: Chairman Newell read a Proclamation for Elder Abuse Awareness Day on June 2, 2016. Commissioner Jeffers recognized the Kerr Tar Region K Area Agency on Aging and the Person County Senior Center as sponsors of the Elder Abuse Awareness Day on June 2, 2016 starting at 9:30am at Huck Sansbury whereby the community was invited to participate in a commemorative walk. 13 May 16, 2016 10 14 May 16, 2016 11 PRESENTATION OF THE FISCAL YEAR 2016-2017 PROPOSED BUDGET: County Manager, Heidi York presented an overview of the manager’s proposed budget noting that North Carolina General Statutes require that on or before June 1, the manager present her recommended budget for the next fiscal year to the Board of Commissioners. A copy of the budget document was distributed to each commissioner. Ms. York stated the Board was scheduled to adopt the budget at its June 20, 2016 meeting. Ms. York’s presentation follows: 15 May 16, 2016 12 Ms. York stated the funding priorities reflected in the proposed budget were identified by the Board at the Board’s retreat in February 2016. 16 May 16, 2016 13 17 May 16, 2016 14 18 May 16, 2016 15 Ms. York noted the tax rate of .70 cents has remained steady since Fiscal Year 2007-2008 with the tax base seeing a little over 2% growth. Person County’s debt service ratio is at 8% which is below the average population which is 11% and well below the maximum in the population group at 15%. 19 May 16, 2016 16 Ms. York noted the final unassigned fund balance is determined through the audit which will be presented in January 2017 but staff are optimistic that it will remain flat or decrease slightly to 23%. 20 May 16, 2016 17 Ms. York noted an increase of $11,000 in the value of one penny on the tax rate for the upcoming fiscal year. 21 May 16, 2016 18 22 May 16, 2016 19 Ms. York did not consider any requests for new full-time positions with every vacancy evaluated and only those critical for continued operation or supported by revenues were filled. Ms. York proposed a reduction of six positions, three of which were vacant positions (General Services, Tax, PATS), two transitions related to retirement or elections (PI and Register of Deeds) and one grant funded position in the 4-H YES program due to a reallocation of program funding by the Juvenile Crime Prevention Council. 23 May 16, 2016 20 Ms. York stated it was cheaper to keep the merit versus a 1% COLA and the merit pay program assisted the pay and classification to be less costly for the first of three phases of implementation. Ms. York informed the Board that the state mandated a ¼% increase in the upcoming fiscal year for retirement contribution which will be the same increase for the following two fiscal years as well. 24 May 16, 2016 21 Ms. York noted the total ADM included all Person County students that attend any charter school. 25 May 16, 2016 22 26 May 16, 2016 23 Ms. York said the City of Roxboro Fire Department was due a 2% increase for fire protection services in 2016-2017 per the contract. 27 May 16, 2016 24 28 May 16, 2016 25 Commissioner Jeffers asked for clarification on the VIPER expenditure of $1.5M to which the manager explained the radio equipment upgrade included the Roxboro Fire Department, the County Emergency Services personnel in addition to the Volunteer Fire Departments and Rescue. Chairman Newell requested staff to research how many emergency fire calls were made in the county versus inside the city limits only. CHAIRMAN’S REPORT: Chairman Newell had no report. MANAGER’S REPORT: County Manager, Heidi York asked the Board to welcome the County’s Summer Intern, Ellis Johnson. Mr. Johnson is a first year graduate student at UNC Chapel Hill in the MPA program. Ms. York reported that she along with Chairman Newell and Commissioners Clayton and Jeffers would be attending County Assembly Day on May 18, 2016 to meet with state legislators. Ms. York informed the group that the Economic Development Commission’s meeting for May 19, 2016 was rescheduled for May 26, 2016 at 8:00am due to the State of the Region economic meeting in Durham at 7:00am. COMMISSIONER REPORT/COMMENTS: There was no report from Vice Chairman Kendrick nor Commissioners Jeffers, Clayton and Puryear. 29 May 16, 2016 26 CLOSED SESSION #1 A motion was made by Vice Chairman Kendrick and carried 5-0 to enter Closed Session per General Statute 143-318.11(a)(4) for the purpose of discussion of matters relating to the location or expansion of industries or other businesses in the county (economic development) at 10:52am with the following individuals permitted to attend: County Manager, Heidi York, Clerk to the Board, Brenda Reaves, County Attorney, Ron Aycock, Tax Administrator, Russell Jones, Summer Intern, Ellis Johnson and Economic Development Director, Stuart Gilbert. Chairman Newell called the Closed Session to order at 10:58am. A motion was made by Vice Chairman Kendrick and carried 5-0 to return to open session at 11:53am. RECESS: A motion was made by Commissioner Jeffers and carried 5-0 to recess the meeting at 11: 53am until May 23, 2016 at 6:00pm. _____________________________ ______________________________ Brenda B. Reaves David Newell, Sr. Clerk to the Board Chairman (Draft Board minutes are subject to Board approval). 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 AGENDA ABSTRACT Meeting Date: June 6, 2016 Agenda Title: Farmland Preservation Plan Background: In FY2015, Person County commissioners approved a grant request to apply for funding to create a Farmland Preservation Plan (FPP). The State awarded the county $14,000 to create the plan (an additional $2,000 was provided by the county and community groups provided another $4,000) and a stakeholder group was appointed to oversee the development of the plan. Summary of Information: Attached is the Person County Farmland Preservation Plan. Recommended Action: Approve the FPP Submitted By: Paul Westfall, Cooperative Extension Director 38 1             Person  County  Farmland   Preservation  Plan                                                                                June  6,  2016   39 2 The well-being of a people is like a tree. Agriculture is its root, Manufacture and Commerce are its branches and its leaves. If the root is injured, The leaves fall, the branches break away, and the tree dies. ~ Chinese Proverb Land is our most precious heritage. ~ Robert West Howard from The Vanishing Land 40 3 * This plan was made possible with funding by the North Carolina Agriculture Development Trust Fund. 41 4 Table  of  Contents   I. Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................6   II. Action Plan .............................................................................................................................................7   III. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................7   IV. Background and Demographics .....................................................................................................10   Location ..................................................................................................................................................10   Population .............................................................................................................................................10   Soil and Water .......................................................................................................................................10   V. Existing Agriculture ...........................................................................................................................12   Tobacco ...................................................................................................................................................13   Grains, oilseeds, dry beans, dry peas .................................................................................................14   Farm Employment .................................................................................................................................14   Farm Statistics ......................................................................................................................................15   VI. Challenges & Opportunities ...........................................................................................................16   Small Ag Business Development and Marketing .............................................................................16   Industrial Agribusinesses ....................................................................................................................16   New Farmers and Foresters .................................................................................................................17   Tobacco ...................................................................................................................................................18   Vegetables, Berries and Other Fruit ...................................................................................................18   Greenhouse, Nursery, Floriculture, and Sod Farming .....................................................................20   Grains and Beans ..................................................................................................................................20   Hay and Forage .....................................................................................................................................20   Horses .....................................................................................................................................................21   Livestock and Livestock Processing ..................................................................................................21   Beekeeping ..............................................................................................................................................22   Agritourism ............................................................................................................................................22   Forestry ...................................................................................................................................................22   42 5 Land Use .................................................................................................................................................22   Voluntary Ag District ..........................................................................................................................23   VII. Recommendations ...........................................................................................................................25   Appendix A: Action Plan Supplement ...............................................................................................27   1.  Integrate Agriculture Economic Development into County Government ........................27   2.  Educate New Farmers ..................................................................................................................27   3.  Enable Agriculture-Supportive Planning ................................................................................28   4.  Economic Development and Agriculture Infrastructure ......................................................29   5.  Grow Agritourism ........................................................................................................................30   6.  Promote Land Protection .............................................................................................................31   7.  Expand Agriculture Outreach and Marketing ........................................................................32   8.  Forestry Opportunities ................................................................................................................33   9.  Provide Networking and Education to Existing Farmers .....................................................34   10.  Facilitate Farm Transitions .........................................................................................................35   Appendix B: FPP Survey Instrument ..................................................................................................36   Appendix C: Key Points from Interviews ..........................................................................................39   Appendix D: Grant Resources ..............................................................................................................41   Appendix E: Planning Tools for Farm & Forestland Preservation ................................................42   Conservation Easements ......................................................................................................................45   Appendix F: Acknowledgements .........................................................................................................47       43 6 I.  Executive  Summary   Since its first meeting, the Farmland Preservation Plan (FPP) stakeholder group has focused on the economic impact of agriculture in Person County. This plan reflects that focus and suggests ways to continue to grow the agricultural economy in the county. According to the 2012 Census of Agriculture, there were 395 farms encompassing 92,521 acres in Person County. Cash receipts to farms exceeded $41 million and, according to the Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics at North Carolina State University, the calculated value-added impact of agriculture and forestry on the Person County economy was $90.7 million. That report also showed that Person County agriculture and agribusiness accounted for 11.2% of employment in the county. 1 With more than three million potential customers within a 2-hour drive, Person County is positioned to be a major agricultural destination and supplier of agricultural commodities. The county is blessed with good soil, a long tradition of agricultural success, and a strong commitment to the land by farm families. Challenges to ag economic development include start-up costs, competing land uses, labor availability and costs, changing markets, and farm transition. The action items on pages 7-8 are focused on developing home-grown agribusinesses and agritourism enterprises that will build a foundation for a stable and prosperous local economy. Data for this plan was collected through interviews and surveys from over 200 farmers, foresters, agribusiness owners/operators, and agriculture related individuals in the county. Based on the collected data and input from the stakeholder group, the following list details the top priorities for promoting agricultural economic development: 1.  Incorporate the FPP Action plan into the regular work of the Person County Agricultural Advisory Board (PCAAB) 2.  Hire a full-time Ag Economic Development Officer (grant funded) 3.  Present the “State of Person County Agriculture” report to the Board of Commissioners (BOC) annually 4.  Offer an annual farm transition workshop, labor issues forum, and networking event for existing farmers 5.  Work with Piedmont Community College to offer classes such as sustainable ag, crop diversification, and farm equipment repair for new farmers 6.  Plan for expansion of agribusiness and agritourism using planning tools 7.  Develop a funding mechanism for new ag business ventures 8.  Invest in ag infrastructure, such as a refrigeration facility, value-added processing facility, or a large equipment co-op 9.  Launch a “Person County Foods” marketing campaign 1 https://ag-econ.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Person.pdf 44 7 II.  Action  Plan   Note: Action items were obtained from interviews and survey results. Each action item is ranked based on the frequency and urgency of issues identified during the study. Adjacent Counties Ag. Government Agencies Ag. Associations Ag. Businesses Ag. Youth Clubs Ag Economic Development Officer Colleges and Universities PC Agriculture Advisory Board (PCAAB) PC Planning Department PC Economic Development Office Elected Officials PC Misc. Departments PC Tax Office PC Tourism Board and Chamber Private Development Community Regional and Fed. ED and Planning Agencies FY to be completed Integrate Ag Economic Development into County Government Request PCAAB to incorporate Action Plan 2016 Hire Agriculture Economic Development Officer (EDO) 2018 Present the “The State of Person County Ag” to BOC 2017 Review FPP annually; revise as needed n/a Educate New Farmers Work with Community College to offer ag classes 2018 Develop "Beginning Farmer" guide 2017 Establish new farmer program with adjacent counties 2019 Develop a funding mechanism for new ag businesses 2019 Develop a "veteran to farmer" program 2019 Develop farm internship programs through FFA 2018 Work with schools to strengthen FFA 2018 Enable Agriculture-Supportive Planning Adopt land use and design standards to support agriculture 2018 Produce farmland and land development suitability map 2017 Economic Development and Ag Infrastructure Establish a farmers cooperative for wholesale product sales 2019 Build a refrigeration facility for agricultural storage 2020 Build a livestock facility for cattle and larger animals 2020 45 8 Pursue meat processor for cattle and larger animals 2022 Pursue access to the South Boston Cannery 2018 Grow Agritourism Continue to promote the farm tour 2017 Complete and promote the quilt trail 2016 Increase the total miles of horse trails in the county 2020 Promote Land Protection Conduct an annual conservation and cost share workshop 2017 Increase VAD & NC Century Farm Program participation 2018 Adopt an EVAD ordinance 2018 Rollback PUV funds for a PACE program 2019 Expand Agriculture Outreach and Marketing Establish & promote community gardens 2018 Work on marketing collaborative with border counties 2018 Market PC agriculture to attract retirees 2019 Conduct a local foods marketing & education campaign 2018 Mazimize outreach of the two current farmers markets 2018 Establish agriculture booths at arts, parks, festivals and sporting events 2018 Expand Forestry Opportunities Educate the public on the economic value of forestry 2018 Evaluate local N.C. Forest Service staffing needs 2018 Promote PC farm & forestland for military training 2019 Conduct forestry potential and capacity report 2017 Provide networking and education to existing farmers Organize an annual farmer appreciation event 2018 Establish an annual schedule of events around farm-related topics 2022 Establish an FFA Alumni organization 2020 Establish a Hobby Farm Association 2017 Conduct an annual landowner workshop 2017 Establish a listing system of land and rental properties for farmers 2017 Facilitate farm transitions Offer an annual farm transition workshop 2016 Conduct seminars for realtors and attorneys on farmland transactions 2017 46 9 III.  Methodology   The Person County Commissioners appointed local citizens to the FPP stakeholder group to develop this plan. The stakeholder group provided oversight, identified individuals to be interviewed, and approved the final version of the FPP. Research conducted between January 2015 and June 2016 •  Face-to-face and phone interviews of over 200 groups and individuals. All interviews were recorded and converted into typewritten notes for future reference. A diverse selection of stakeholders were interviewed, including high school FFA students, local government officials, nonprofit representatives, business owners, landowners and land users, foresters, and farmers of all backgrounds: multi-generational, limited resource, new, old and young. •  Five groups totaling 85 participants came together to discuss this plan. These events included an advertised public meeting, discussions with the Roxboro Charter School FFA, the Bushy Fork Grange, the Person Soil and Water Conservation District Board, and multiple meetings with the FPP stakeholder group. •  The Person County Planning and GIS departments worked on maps and data collection. •  Land-use plans, ordinances and regulations were reviewed to identify conflicts and opportunities for forestry and farming. •  Infrastructure needs and marketing opportunities were evaluated. •  Data was quantified and examined to identify opportunities and challenges for agriculture. •  A survey instrument was designed and distributed to receive input on key issues. 47 10 IV.  Background  and  Demographics   Location     Person County is a land of rolling hills located in the extreme north central Piedmont of North Carolina. Person County is a part of the Research Triangle (Durham-Raleigh-Chapel Hill) metropolitan area and within 3 hours driving distance of four major urban areas – Charlotte, Greensboro, Richmond and Norfolk. Access to these densely populated areas is via State Highways 49 and 57, and US Highways 158 and 501. According to NC DOT the most heavily traveled road is Highway 501, with 30,000 vehicles a day traveling to and from Durham. Population     According to the 2014 U.S. Census, the population is estimated at 39,132. The N.C. Office of Management and Budget anticipate that Person County’s population will remain essentially flat; reaching almost 40,000 people by the year 2030. Roxboro, with a population of 8,187 residents, is the county seat and center of commerce for the county. Soil  and  Water   Person County is divided into three river basins with abundant water in creeks, ponds, lakes and rivers. Sixty percent of the county drains to the Dan River and the remaining waters leave via the Tar, Pamlico, and Neuse River Basins. The largest water bodies are Hyco Lake and Mayo Lake in the northern end of the county, which are primarily used for power generation and recreation. Based on maps from 1995, soil scientists concluded that more than 90% of the county is covered with well- drained soils ideal for agriculture. The map below highlights the abundance of high-quality soil in the county. 48 11     49 12 V.  Existing  Agriculture   As shown below, the percentage of acres that is farmed in Person County decreased significantly over the last 100 years, but less of Person County’s total land is dedicated to farming. In addition, Person County farms are much larger than they were in the past and Person County has less farms in total. Person  County  Agriculture:  A  Century  of  Change1   Year  1910  1959  2012   Total  Acres  250,787  250,787  250,787   %  County  Land  in  Farms  95%  84.8%  38%   Farmland  Acres  238,248  212,667  95,299   Number  of  Farms  2,365  2,330  395   Average  Acres  per  Farm  100  91  241   Cattle  Inventory  5,061  6,190  7,673   Swine  inventory  7,664  9,777  3,815   Poultry  Inventory  46,254  67,494  651  Egg-­‐‑Laying   Chickens2   1Direct historical comparisons are difficult given changes in the definition of “farm” over time, but the information above provides helpful trend data. 2Poultry inventory not reported other than commercial layer hens due to confidentiality concerns about the low number of producers. The 2012 figures do not capture poultry in non-commercial flocks. 50 13 In 1945, total farm sales were approximately $72 million (2012 dollars). In 2012, total farm sales were approximately $41 million. Despite decreases in total sales numbers, agriculture remains an important part of Person County’s economy, and crop sales still represent the largest share of ag sales. Farming  Economy   The USDA classifies a “small farm” as a farm that has gross sales less than $250,000. Between 2007 and 2012, the proportion of farms classified as small farms in Person County decreased and the number of large-scale farms increased, which follows national trends of agriculture production moving to larger farms. Despite growth in the number of large-scale farms, small farms remain important. In 2012, small farms accounted for 16% of total farm sales and represented 89% of farms in Person County. Number of farms by size 2007 2012 Small Farms 380 354 Large-scale farms 23 41 Total number of farms 403 395 The table below highlights major crops in Person County: Top ag product by category #1 #2 #3 Acres Soybeans (13,978) Wheat (10,208) Forage (7,656) Number of Animals (Inventory) Cattle (7,673) Swine (5,258) Egg-laying Poultry (651) Sales Tobacco ($22.9M) Grain ($11.1M) Soybeans ($6.02M) Between 2007 and 2012, farm expenditures doubled to approximately $35 million. Labor accounted for $7.8 million of the total expenses. In addition, fertilizer accounted for $.3 million, $2.6 million for supplies, $2.4 million for animal feed, $964,000 for livestock, and $1.8 million for plants and seeds. Between 2007 and 2012, the market value of agricultural products sold in Person County2 increased at the same rate and totaled $41 million in 2012. The largest dollar increase in market value occurred in two categories--tobacco and grains. Grains rose from 14.8% (2007) to 27% in 2012. Tobacco’s share of total agricultural sales in 2012 increased from 49.9% in 2007 to 56% in 2012. Tobacco   In 2002, prior to the Tobacco Transition Payment Plan (TTPP), 172 farms in Person County produced $12.7 million in sales from 3,232 acres of tobacco. Five years later, the number of tobacco farms 51 14 decreased by more than half and sales totaled $9.6 million. By 2012, 59 farms raised 5,240 acres of tobacco and generated $22.9 million in sales, a record for Person County. Despite changes in government support, tobacco continues to generate the most revenue of any ag product from Person County. Gross market value before taxes and production expenses of all ag products sold or removed from place in 2012 regardless of who received payment. Grains,  oilseeds,  dry  beans,  dry  peas   Within the grain category, the largest increase in “# of Farms” occurred in wheat production, which had an increase of 33 farms. The largest sales increase occurred in soybeans which grew by 664%. Each category recorded an increase in farms and the only category to see a decrease in sales was in “Other Grains.” Farm  Employment   When compared to the 2007 Ag Census, the 2012 Ag Census shows a significant increase in the number of farms reporting employment and the number of farm workers. The 2012 Ag Census also provided additional data on farm employment that was not reported in previous ag censuses. Based on the available data, Person County farm Tobacco  Sales  and  Acreage   Year  1987  1992  1997  2002  2007  2012   Farms  403 313 227 126 63 59 Acres  4,211 5,781 6,346 3,232 3,463 5,240 Sales  in  Millions  $12 $19.3 $21.96 $12.7 $9.6 $22.9 Million  Pounds  8.4 12.2 13.5 7.2 6.2 12.1 2007 2012 # of Farms Sales ($) # of Farms Sales ($) Corn 39 521,000 47 1,669,000 Wheat 41 1,328,000 74 3,205,000 Soybeans 51 906,000 66 6,020,000 Sorghum 1 (Not given) 5 172,000 Barley 3 (not given) 6 53,000 Other grains 7 63,000 9 32,000 1997 2002 2007 2012 Farms reporting employment 177 189 96 138 Number of Workers 1304 904 487 848 Payroll (2012 dollars) $2,953,000 $3,965,543 $3,167,012 $6,563,000 52 15 employment grew 74% between 2007 and 2012 and the number of farms reporting employment grew 43%. Person County also had 35 farms reporting migrant employment—which totaled 313 workers— and 164 farms reporting unpaid workers, which totaled 379 workers. Farm  Statistics   According to Person County’s Economic Development office, 1,244 residents live on a farm, which is the highest number of any county in the region, except for Caswell County. The average age of a farmer also continues to rise and is now 57, just behind the state average of 58. In Person County, the typical farmer operates on a second, third, or fourth generation farm. When compared to other counties, Person County remains a relatively diverse county based on the racial and gender make-up of principal farm operators. African-Americans are the primary operators of 45 farms, or 11% of all farms. Native Americans operate three farms and Latinos operate two farms. Ten percent of the primary farm operators in the county are female, which is an 8% decrease since 2007. There are 395 farms in the county today, which is a 90% decrease in 50 years. While the farming population has decreased over time, established farms in the county have continued to consolidate— doubling the size of the average farm. Cropland acres have decreased almost 25% in 50 years and cattle remains the only livestock with increasing numbers. Another noticeable trend in the ag census data was the growth in value of agricultural products sold directly to individuals for human consumption. This category includes roadside stands, farmer’s markets, pick-your-own sites, etc. Between 2007 and 2012, this category nearly doubled in value. As consumer interest in farmer’s markets and local produce increase, this category could represent an opportunity for growth in Person County.   53 16 VI.  Challenges  &  Opportunities   Person County’s history of agriculture and forestry has created a culture of appreciation for rural living. Every citizen who was interviewed stated the importance of Person County remaining a good place to raise a family. Support is strong for sustaining agriculture and forestry as the underpinning for this quality of life. However, most interviewees also talked about the need for new jobs. Without exciting, new employment opportunities in agriculture or other sectors, young people will leave the county for greener pastures. Currently, 46% of Person County residents drive out of the county to work. This figure represents significant revenue leakage, through shopping, eating out, gas purchases and sales tax revenue collected out of county. Recruiting a major agribusiness employer, growing small ag businesses, and marketing local foods could help to reverse this trend and grow the agricultural economy. Fortunately, there are many opportunities for growing the ag economy in Person County. Below is a list of challenges and opportunities developed from interviews and meetings with stakeholders. The Ag EDO position is key to addressing many of these challenges and taking advantage of the opportunities. Small  Ag  Business  Development  and  Marketing   Challenge: Agriculture has become a complex profession that is enhanced with knowledge of computers, business planning, environmental regulations, cost share programs and grants. While younger farmers today realize the value in a college education, many farmers who were interviewed expressed the need to know more. Farmers are also looking for county support with new ideas and resources for achieving marketing success and generating more profit. Opportunity: Person County’s existing staff (Planning, Soil and Water, Cooperative Extension) has the ability to provide new and existing farmers with information about land use, cost-share programs, and educational opportunities, but lacks the capacity to create a formal new business development process. Person County needs a dedicated Agricultural Economic Development Officer with marketing and small business development experience who can help new farmers develop business plans, evaluate agricultural business proposals, and provide marketing advice. Industrial  Agribusinesses   Three of the largest agribusinesses in Person County are US Flue Cured Tobacco Growers, Louisiana Pacific, and Boise Cascade. These companies have a combined tax value of more than $590 million. Challenge: Recruit new industrial agribusiness and expand existing agribusiness in Person County. Opportunities: The Person County Economic Development Office continues to investigate agribusiness opportunities. For example, wood products offer a significant opportunity for agribusiness growth in Person County. The county has the opportunity to work with Louisiana Pacific and Boise Cascade and other wood products manufacturers to grow this business sector. As conservation techniques become more prevalent, there will be opportunities to use the entire tree in harvests. In addition, there is an 54 17 opportunity to grow a wood pellet industry as more consumers use specialized wood burning stoves in place of coal and oil furnaces. The recently announced AgTech Accelerator in RTP could offer opportunities for new industrial agribusinesses in Person County. An Ag EDO could explore opportunities for partnership between new ag enterprises looking to expand. Person County could offer new ag businesses proximity to raw materials and RTP. Additional uses for tobacco and other crops are being reviewed along with future opportunities for natural hemp in North Carolina. Person County should continue to look at growth opportunities in this sector. As with all business opportunities, training will continue to be an important factor for attracting new businesses. Greater resources for Future Farmers of America (FFA), community college students, and the general public can provide Person County residents with more sustainable agribusinesses in the future. Farm  Transition Challenge: Many adults who were interviewed shared concerns about young people moving away due to lack of opportunity and the challenges this creates for farm transition and maintaining profitability. High school students who were interviewed talked about their plans to leave the county for college, the military, and jobs. Only a few students talked about being a farmer and a smaller number of those with a family farm talked about farming here in the future. This has contributed to the ongoing struggle facing farmers in which there are no heirs to take over the farming business. Opportunities: There is an opportunity to host an annual ag conference or workshops to address new types of agriculture, farm transition, present use value taxation, the VAD program, estate planning, and conservation easements. Many of the agribusiness representatives interviewed stated they are willing to offer advisement and financial support for farmer education and events. The Ag EDO would be responsible for organizing and hosting these conferences and workshops. Person County School’s FFA program is an agricultural education program that develops leadership skills. FFA in Person County is strong and emphasizes the link between technology and farming. Person County farmers and agribusiness should evaluate establishing an FFA alumni association that will provide leadership and fundraising activities. New  Farmers  and  Foresters   Challenge: For most Person County farmers, their primary crop is flue-cured tobacco, beef cattle and/or trees. As traditional agriculture evolves, opportunities for new farmers have developed. These new farmers are moving into the county with limited resources and a desire to own land to make a living. These new residents face many obstacles and some will not survive without information and assistance. Opportunity: Person County’s ag departments have a wealth of information for new farmers; however, the information needs to be organized and made available to new farmers. There is an opportunity to create a system for new farmers to learn about Person County’s agricultural resources. Workshops and 55 18 conferences for new farmers should also be offered. Staff has investigated hosting the “Ag School” program in 2017 where new farmers develop and submit a business plan and receive critical feedback about their ventures. The Ag EDO, with the help of other county departments, would be responsible for organizing and hosting these conferences and workshops. Tobacco   Challenge: Tobacco still generates the most agricultural revenue of any crop grown in Person County. While the industry-funded Tobacco Buyout Program ended in 2014, tobacco yields and revenues from tobacco have grown even though some farmers chose to retire, sell their land, or switch to other crops or forestry. All but a few acres of tobacco grown are flue-cured varieties being grown under either conventional or organic production protocols. About half the tobacco farmers interviewed either have an organic contract or want one; the other half believe the incentives for growing organic tobacco will fade. Opportunity: There are fewer tobacco farmers in Person County today, but harvest volume and cash receipts continue to reach record levels. It is important to continue educating farmers on new opportunities in tobacco and other agricultural commodities through educational workshops. Vegetables,  Berries  and  Other  Fruit   Challenge: The market for Person County vegetables and fruit is limited to the Piedmont. Some local product is sold in the two farmers’ markets in Roxboro and the rest at markets outside of Person County where prices and customer numbers are higher. The trade off with out-of-county markets is the added costs of transportation and time. Every vegetable farmer interviewed has experience selling produce at one of the two farmers’ markets in Roxboro. Almost without exception, most farmers —within a couple of years— shift to other markets or stop growing vegetables. General consensus on selling vegetables in Roxboro was described as “a struggle, at best” the local customer demand is not sufficient and prices are artificially low because customers are not willing to pay a premium for locally grown and organic produce. Additionally, many residents of the county either have a garden or know someone who shares from their garden. Large, multi-generation farm owners were interviewed for this plan, but none expressed an interest in growing produce for the following reasons: vegetables are high risk, have low profit potential, and require marketing. Every one of these farmers stated that they do not understand how to market produce. These farmers also stated that they equate vegetable production with a lower standard of living than what they are accustomed to. There are several small farms located in southern Person County and its border counties. Over the next decade, the number of small farms in this area is expected to rise. Interviews with these farmers identified several commonalities- most of these farmers are younger, earn less than tobacco and cattle on the same acreage, advertise through web sites, focus on customer relationships, hire interns, use organic practices, raise vegetables and flowers, host events, try out new crops every season, depend on farmer’s markets, and often have a spouse with outside employment. 56 19 Opportunities: Retail and wholesale outlets normally buy fruits and vegetables in quantities that exceed the production capability of the typical small, produce farmer. Every produce farmer who was interviewed talked about the need for a vegetable cooperative. They also expressed interest in a cold storage facility, a branding label, and cattle sale facility. Grant money is available for this type of infrastructure; however, there are both successful and unsuccessful examples of vegetable cooperatives around the state. Projects that have failed lacked proper research and local commitment, as such, grants should require individual growers to invest some of their money into projects so that there is sufficient commitment from the grower to the project and community. Several restaurants, store managers, and other businesses were asked about the potential market for selling locally grown and organic produce. Over the years, Person County retailers have made multiple attempts to cash in on this market with little success. Business owners said there are three challenges to overcome in Person County: low wages, lack of understanding about the health benefits of locally grown and organic agriculture, and lack of awareness of the importance of buying local to support the local economy. Helping residents to make better food choices requires a long-term educational effort that promotes buying local and cooking at home. Cooking classes and food demonstrations at farmer markets and public events are a good start, as well as an education campaign on locally grown foods. The Hillsborough-based Piedmont Food & Agriculture Processing (PFAP) center opened in 2011. State and federal grant funding, along with the contributions of four counties made this facility a reality. When this facility was being planned, an invitation was extended to Person County to provide financing as a founding member, but the offer was declined. This center offers a certified kitchen, commercial grade cooking equipment, and storage facilities (cold, freezer and dry) for use by local businesses on a rental basis. Small-scale food entrepreneurs use the PFAP frequently. Technical assistance and consultation services are also offered through the center. Several farmers have stated that they would like to see Person County join PFAP and county leadership should be encouraged to contact the PFAP board to make an inquiry about joining. A canning facility is located in South Boston, Virginia. Canning opportunities are available for a small fee June—December on Tuesday and Thursday from June – December. Person County should investigate promoting the facility to local producers. Several farms in Person County manage Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) operations. A CSA is a contractual agreement between a grower and a customer who subscribes for a share of a farm’s seasonal products. Shares of produce can be picked up at the farm, but most CSA’s deliver to a drop off point on a weekly basis for a pre-established number of weeks. The farmer sets the rate and is normally paid before any deliveries are made. This concept has been around for several decades and is a good match for customers with busy lives and disposable income. The CSA is a business model that holds a lot of potential for small farms in the southern end of the Person County. Another economic bright spot are the half a million potential customers of local agriculture in NC, who live within a one-hour drive of Person County. The growing population in Durham and Orange counties is County Population Person 39,464 Caswell 23,719 Durham 294,460 Granville 59,916 Orange 133,801 TOTAL 511,896 57 20 increasing the market for local food. An Ag EDO could help educate farmers about marketing their foods and promote Person County agriculture. Greenhouse,  Nursery,  Floriculture,  and  Sod  Farming   Challenge: The number of greenhouse and nursery related businesses in Person County increased from 9 to 20 between 2007 and 2012. The 2008 economic recession resulted in a five-year sales drop from $916,000 to $581,000. However, as the economy improves, there are new opportunities in niche markets, including weddings and parties. Opportunity: Between late winter and early spring, greenhouses are used to grow tobacco seedlings. During the other seven to nine months of the year, the greenhouses could be used for vegetable and flower production. This is an idea worth further evaluation and possibly a future workshop. Grains  and  Beans     Challenge: The 2012 Agriculture Census reported that $11 million was generated from 24,186 acres of grains and beans. Several agribusinesses in Virginia and North Carolina buy this product once harvested. The largest buyer in this area is Camp Chemical, which is a fertilizer and seed supplier located in the county. However, farmers are reluctant to enter this market while commodity prices are below production costs. Grains earn less per acre than tobacco or cattle, but it is likely that grains and beans will remain economically viable over the long-term. Opportunity: There are economic opportunities for specialty grains such as hard dent corn for corn chips, high oil or high starch corn for processing, livestock, and other entities. However, there are risks with lower yields, if no premium prices exist. In addition, NC State continues to fund research in drought tolerant soybeans, brown stem rot resistant soybeans, and corn emergence studies to improve profitability. Hay  and  Forage     Challenge: In 2012, hay was the third largest crop by total acreage in the county, making Person County 31st out of 100 counties in the state for hay production. That year, 91 farms grew 17,400 tons, or $1.1 million worth of hay on 9,200 acres. In 2007, the harvest was the same with a value of $419,000. Several farmers who were interviewed noted that specialty buyers offer the best prices for hay. Specialty markets include landscapers (erosion control), fire departments (for burns), agritourism events (e.g. fall festivals), and horses. Horse owners pay the most for hay, but require high-quality hay that is delivered and stacked on-site. Many hay buyers do not know how to judge the quality of hay. Opportunities: The markets listed above are fairly strong and will continue to be strong into the near future. With additional time and dollars, hay producers can locate and pursue other markets. This may require thinking outside the box in terms of where and to whom to promote the product. For example new marketing opportunities may include placing "Hay For Sale" signs in strategic locations and listing hay for sale on Craigslist and other online venues. 58 21 There is an opportunity to educate producers on the value of having hay tested for quality ($10 in NC). Horses     Challenge: According to the 2012 Census, there were only eight horse farms in Person County. A 2009 Equine Impact Study by the N.C. Rural Center counted 1,960 horses in Person County with an estimated value of $11.9 million dollars. It was recently estimated by the Horseman Association that there are more than 2,000 horses in the county today. Horse owners have the option of participating in two local organizations- the Person County Saddle Club and The Person County Horseman’s Association. The Horseman’s Association promotes horse ownership, organizes trail rides, and participates in regional events. The Saddle Club hosts six horse events a year. Opportunity: Unfortunately, the increase in horse ownership has been met with an increase in the number of landowners with smaller tracts of land. In recent years this has meant fewer miles of trail in the county, shorter rides, and a limited number of participants. This trend needs to be reversed to help keep Person County’s equine industry strong. One action item in this plan is to increase the miles of horse trails in the county. Livestock  and  Livestock  Processing   Challenge: There are 119 beef cattle operations, eight hog farms, one dairy, one bison farm, as well as farms with poultry, llamas and other assorted livestock in the county. Cattle farms represent the third largest source of farm income with a combined market value of $2.6 million. Beef cattle are the main source of income on some farms, but for most they are a secondary source of income that keeps the farm profitable. Twenty farms with a combined market value of $29,000 raise sheep and goats for wool, meat, milk, and offspring. Support for this industry is provided by research at N.C. A&T University’s Small Farm Collaborative and Small Ruminant Research Unit. Opportunities: There is not a processing center nearby, so livestock is taken to facilities in Virginia and a half dozen North Carolina locations. There used to be a sale facility south of Roxboro and farmers are once again talking about the need for a facility in the county. This would be a good project to evaluate for an ADFP Trust Fund grant proposal. Animal processing is heavily regulated with rules that are easy to violate and penalties that are costly to address. This climate of heavy oversight can shut down any facility in this state and is the primary reason that there are no longer any poultry processing facilities near Person County (the closest ones are in Hickory and Marion). However, state law allows producers to slaughter 1,000 birds a year on their farms for direct sale to customers. Large livestock processing is even more complex and requires a company like Piedmont Custom Meats located in Caswell County. Piedmont can process every kind of meat animal that is raised in Person County. Onsite USDA inspections qualify their meat products to be sold to both retail and wholesale customers. Several Person County farmers do business with Piedmont, but there are limitations. Sunset Ridge Buffalo Farms (SRBF) has used Piedmont, but due to the largeness of buffalo this arrangement has not always worked out. The nearest facilities for processing buffalo are in West 59 22 Virginia and Pennsylvania. SRBF would benefit from an upgrade to the facilities at Piedmont and having a second buffalo farm to open in or near Person County. It is not likely that a new meat handling facility will be built anytime soon due to high costs and regulatory hurdles. One other niche company in livestock processing is Nu Dimensions Nutrition, based in Hurdle Mills. This farm-based company is sourcing all NC ingredients, including organic vegetables, for pet food production. This 18-year-old company operates inside a profitable niche, yet outside the confines of conventional agriculture. This company may offer opportunities for partnering with more farms and demonstrates to other farms in the county how to find a unique place in agriculture. Beekeeping   Challenge: The 2012 Census of Agriculture reported 23 farms with 117 bee colonies. Three farms are also noted for selling honey, which is a minor part of the county’s farm economy. The real importance of honeybees is for fruit and vegetable pollination and a few beekeepers do rent out hives. The Person County Beekeepers Association is an award-winning organization that supports beekeeping as a hobby and for secondary income. This organization has 50 members and should stay strong for a long time. Opportunity: Support the Person County Beekeepers Association as they continue to increase the number of hives in the county. Agritourism     Challenge: Agritourism is a growth industry and is taking root across Person County. The distance from large urban areas has been a disadvantage in past years, but as Person County becomes more of a bedroom community agritourism is taking hold. Currently, Person County is creating a Quilt Trail designed to encourage residents and tourists to drive the rural countryside and shop the county’s various agribusinesses. Opportunity: The NC Department of Agriculture offers staff resources, web advertising, and free advisement on this topic. The N.C. Agritourism Networking Association (NC-ANA) is a membership organization that is a conduit for networking with peers, sharing best practices, finding solutions and it maintains an online directory of agribusinesses. Person County should engage with the Person County Tourism Development Authority to increase agritourism. Forestry   Challenge: Fifty-one percent of the land area in Person County is in trees. Every consultant and industry professional who was interviewed talked about Person County meeting only half of its production capability and landowners missing out on the profit potential. Opportunity: Person County should work with the Caswell Area Forestry Association, Louisiana Pacific, Cooperative Extension, and the North Carolina Forest Service on forestry education programs for landowners. Land  Use   Challenge: How much farmland is too much farmland to lose to other uses? From 1990 to 2005, North Carolina was a national leader in farmland conversion into other uses. The most recent major land use 60 23 changes in Person County were the construction of Mayo and Hyco Lakes, commercial development along Highway 501 South and new homes in the southern end of the county. Before 2008, it appeared that growth was finally coming to the county, but then the economy slowed and most development pressure went away. Furthermore, changes in annexation laws have diminished the opportunity for the City of Roxboro to annex county land. Developers who were interviewed for this plan are optimistic about long-term growth in the county, but frustrated with the short-term outlook. There are two areas of modest growth in the county– 1) along Highway 501 and 2) in the southern part of the county that borders Durham County. The distance from interstate highways and employment are two factors that make Person County attractive as a bedroom community for residents working in Durham, Orange, and Wake counties. During interviews, many residents expressed concern about what they view as the loss of too much farmland in the county. There is concern among residents that development pressure will return and catch the county unprepared to protect the best farm and forestland. There are many examples around the state of communities that have been successful in maintaining control of development, while growing the local economy. There are even more examples of communities where intensive development has degraded the quality of rural living. Polk County and Henderson County are two communities that have grown tourism, land values, and the agricultural economy, while maintaining a high quality of life for residents. Small farms, apple orchards, vegetable farms, and conservation easements have been important elements for enhancing rural living in these mountain counties. Opportunities: Person County could conduct a Development Suitability Study (DSS) to help residents and officials identify lands for development and protection. The DSS will also be used to identify the best zones for agriculture and other uses. A second study will look at development along the Transportation Corridors to identify the condition and needs of the County’s primary infrastructure facilities for access and movement of goods and people. This study will also inform the projects submitted to the State and others for funding. Person County is roughly divided into two zoning districts, Rural Conservation (RC) and Residential (R). Rural Conservation is the County’s least restrictive zoning district and is also the location of most agricultural activities. The RC district allowed uses and design standards should be reviewed for compatibility with the goals of this document, and for opportunities to enhance the future success of agriculture in the county. A list of land use tools that can be used for preserving farmland is included in Appendix E. Person County could also consider budgeting PUV rollback funds to establish a conservation easement program, similar to the one in Alamance County. Voluntary  Ag  District   The Person County VAD Ordinance was adopted by the county commissioners in 2011. Currently, there are 165 landowners with 26,500 acres enrolled in the program. The VAD does not keep land from being developed, but it does create a sense of community among rural landowners and it demonstrates to the County Commissioners that forestry and agriculture are significant to the county. There is also a clause in the ordinance that states that any VAD enrolled property targeted for condemnation will be 61 24 given the benefit of a public hearing. Some agencies, including the N.C. Department of Transportation, are obligated to seek out alternate parcels, as opposed to making a VAD property a first choice for any public project. Challenge: The Person County VAD has done well, but there is still a lot of land that remains to be enrolled. Many landowners are unaware of the program or have not taken the time to enroll their land. Opportunities: Greater effectiveness of the VAD can be achieved by getting more land enrolled and by exploring options for the county to enhance program benefits. In addition, the town of Roxboro can adopt their own ordinance, or sign a Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to support the VAD within their city limits. Person County should investigate adopting an Enhanced Voluntary Agricultural District (EVAD) ordinance. This voluntary program offers landowners additional benefits beyond the VAD program. All respondents to the FPP survey agreed that the county should develop an EVAD program and 94% said they would participate.   62 25 VII.  Recommendations   This plan represents the collaborative input of over 200 people and organizations in Person County. The recommendations below combined with the items listed in the Action Plan provide the ingredients to preserve farmland, increase the economic impact of existing agriculture in the county, attract new agribusinesses, and make Person County an agritourism destination in the Upper Piedmont. 1.  Adopt land use and design standards to support agriculture. Conversion of farm and forestland is much more likely to occur in areas to the south and east of Person County (the areas closest to the center of the Research Triangle and Durham) and around Hyco and Mayo Lakes. While the growth rate in Person County is slower than in locations closest to the center of the Triangle, the potential for a rapid uptick in development is real and presents the greatest threat to farm and forestland. Now is the best time to start planning to protect our existing and potential agricultural economy. Conducting a Development Suitability Study will provide a roadmap for future growth. 2.  Investigate implementing more farmland preservation tools. Other than the VAD program, Person County has not implemented any farmland preservation tools. However, local landowners have expressed a great deal of interest in the ongoing preservation efforts that our bordering counties have taken and are interested in establishing some of these same opportunities in Person County. The Federal and State governments have funds set-aside for farmland preservation; however, accessing these dollars requires matching funds. Durham, Orange, and Alamance counties set aside money each year to provide the matching funds necessary to leverage the State and Federal programs. 3.  Provide new and existing farmers with educational opportunities about farmland preservation, farm transfer, and crop diversification. Farmers, foresters, and landowners with an interest in the future are faced with a range of challenges and opportunities. Landowners expressed interest in learning about new ideas from trusted sources. A new generation of farmers and foresters are emerging with new ideas that will benefit Person County agricultural production. In the not-to-distant future, not only will existing farms compete for new markets, but they will see more competition for the land they farm. The county Ag EDO would play a key role in implementing this recommendation. 4.  Create an environment where agriculture and agritourism can be profitable. A marketing campaign and continuous public education is needed to promote Person County agriculture. Farmers are asking for help with marketing and some have talked about county branding and establishing a vegetable cooperative. For example, small businesses and restaurants with the potential to purchase locally grown farm products continue to locate in Person County. Client numbers in these establishments are good, but the demand for local and organic foods has not been cultivated. In addition, the surrounding counties are a huge market for locally grown agriculture and agritourism. The county Ag EDO would play a key role in implementing this recommendation. 5.  Research and encourage new industrial agriculture opportunities. The growth of Person County’s agricultural economy requires additional research on new and developing agricultural 63 26 uses, expanded outreach to, and linkages with, regional partners and cooperative engagement with private and public interests. One objective of this effort would be to learn more about new markets for agricultural products and production that includes: a.  Pharmaceuticals b.  Textiles c.  Building supplies d.  Value-added food processing   64 27 Appendix  A:    Action  Plan  Supplement   1.  Integrate  Agriculture  Economic  Development  into  County  Government   A.  Incorporate the FPP Action plan into the regular work of the Person County Agricultural Advisory Board (PCAAB). This objective expands the duties of the PCAAB. The Board will take on the responsibility of the administration of this plan with the support of county departments and the Ag EDO. B.  Hire an Ag. Economic Development Officer. This position would be a full time county employee and follow the direction of the PCAAB. The position would be responsible for implementing many of the items in the Action Plan. Below is an excerpt from Durham County’s Ag EDO job description: “The incumbent will be responsible for the coordination of the Agriculture Economic Development programs that provide continuation and expansion of agricultural businesses within Durham County. The primary duties and responsibilities of the position will include; to develop, implement and manage the programs as outlined in the Durham County Agricultural Development and Farmland Preservation Plan; serve as a liaison to the Durham Food Policy Council; assist agriculture producers with regulatory compliance efforts as required by The Food Modernization & Safety Act (FMSA); educate the Durham community on the benefits of local products; expand local marketing and branding opportunities for Durham products; promote the Voluntary Agriculture District (VAD) program and assist farms that are in permanent easements with regulatory compliance and transition efforts; and coordinate efforts between local nonprofit organizations and Durham county to promote agriculture as an integral part of the economy.” C.  Annually present the “State of Person County Agriculture” report to the County Commissioners. The Ag EDO and the PCAAB Chairman will present at a county commissioner meeting the “State of Person County Agriculture” annual report. This report will be posted and archived on the county web site and a copy, or summary will be posted in a media outlet, such as the newspaper. D.  Annually review the Farmland Preservation Plan. The Ag EDO along with the PCAAB will review the FPP on an annual basis. During this review process, any revisions or recommended changes shall be adopted by the PCAAB and implemented by the Ag EDO, if approved. 2.  Educate  New  Farmers   A.  Work with Community Colleges & Universities on agriculture course offerings. Courses in farming should be made available to students in and out of high school and to new farmers of all ages. The Piedmont Community College (PCC) President has stated that he is willing to establish a new agricultural program, only if sufficient interest can be demonstrated. PCC currently offers a horticulture program to prisoners and it experiences good enrollment numbers. Community colleges have established service areas and PCC should be the first point of contact for setting up a farm course, but if that does not work out, Central Carolina Community College (CCCC) has a successful track record and is the next best point of contact. Model Program: CCCC is located in Pittsboro, which is a two-hour drive from southern Person County, where many of the new farms in the county are locating. CCCC offers a successful and 65 28 innovative program of agriculture courses in new, organic and traditional agriculture. PCC leadership will be contacted about offering courses that are needed by Person County farmers. B.  Develop a beginning farmer resource guide for purchasing farmland and other information that every new farmer needs to know about farming in Person Co. During the past decade, more than ten new farms have been started in southern Person County. New farmers that were interviewed talked about the many challenges they have faced. Making information available to new farmers will encourage success, it will also connect these farmers with agencies (e.g., Soil & Water, Cooperative Extension, Tax Office etc.), other farmers, educational opportunities, grant funding, and cost share programs. C.  Establish new farmer program with adjacent counties. This objective is a cooperative effort to offer the NC State University Farm School Program on a rotational basis in this three county region. D.  Develop a funding mechanism for new agriculture based businesses. There are no monies allocated to get a person started in farming other than farm loans. Farm loans can be obtained through the USDA Farm Service Agency, Farm Credit or local banks. For special projects there may be grants available but very rarely for startup costs. Offer a grant program or a new venture funding award program. E.   Develop a “veteran to farmer” program. Recognizing the value of introducing (or reintroducing) veterans to agricultural jobs will strengthen Person County as a rural community and expand economic development. F.  Establish a Farm Internship Program for FFA students. When there were more farms in Person County and more farm kids in the classroom, there were plenty of opportunities for students to work on a farm after school and during the summer. As the number of farms has decreased, so have internship opportunities. There are students who are interested in working on a farm. FFA teachers in the county will champion this program, but they cannot do it on their own. Farm associations in the county will be able to find farmers who will allow students to do an internship. Forms will need to be designed to formalize the process and to make certain that participating farmers do not incur extra liability. The NC Future Farmers of America organization will be able to offer guidance for establishing this program. Model Program: Durham and Johnston County FFA programs. G.  Work with schools to strengthen FFA. FFA teachers in the county regularly invite speakers into their classroom. It would help to have a formal speaker bureau for farming and forestry. The PCAAB will work with the forestry and different agriculture associations to identify speakers for the bureau. 3.  Enable  Agriculture-­‐‑Supportive  Planning   A.  Adopt land use and design standards that focus on land preservation and agriculture sustainability. The Planning and Zoning Department provides a broad range of current and long-range data and tools including land design, land use, transportation, open space and environmental planning that can be utilized to facilitate farmland preservation and enhance the environment for farm-related economic development. They include: - Developing a discrete set of criteria to map locations of lands that are most suitable for farming and most threatened to be lost 66 29 - Reviewing and modifying the County Ordinance to ensure that land uses and dimensional requirements are not in conflict with the goals and objectives of the FPP - Educating farmers about environmental and land use rules and how to comply with these proactively - Introducing farmers and others associated with building our local agriculture and value-added agricultural economy, about the resources available to them from planning-related sources for funding and technical assistance B.  Produce a farmland and land development suitability map. A Development Suitability Study (DSS) will help residents and officials to identify lands for development and preservation. The DSS will also be used to identify the best zones for agriculture and other uses. The data and maps produced by the Study will help us to administer a land parcel ranking system, which is recommended for any easement program that distributes funds. Setting priorities helps to ensure that every applicant is evaluated in a consistent manner. This approach can also be used to satisfy eligibility requirements for state and federal matching funds. 4.  Economic  Development  and  Agriculture  Infrastructure   Each idea listed below has had at least one successful launch in North Carolina. Many of these ideas were also attempted in other locations where they failed. Any facility for food such as a processing center requires an engineered design, permits, high costs and a long timeline from start to finish. The track record for vegetable cooperatives in this state has been one of inconsistencies. For every successful vegetable cooperative, several others have failed. Every good cooperative has a strong board and paid director. On a year-to-year basis the numbers of farmers who grow and sell annual crops of vegetables and flowers, changes frequently. These factors equate to a crop that can be very profitable one year and result in a loss the next. These factors point to the fact that in a given year many farmers are willing to participate in a vegetable cooperative and one to two years later the numbers can be greater, or nonexistent. If a planned facility is based just on vegetables, the participating farmers need to have “skin in the game,” in the form of personal cash investment. This approach will encourage participation for the long term, and minimize individuals who can easily abandon the operation following one season of bad crops and low prices. Model Project #1: Eastern Carolina Organics (ECO) is a whole distributor of Carolina organic farm produce to retailers, restaurants and buying clubs. As a farmer-owned organization, eighty percent of sales go right back to the growers. By aggregating produce from several farmers, ECO is able to meet the demand of larger buyers. ECO was started in 2004 by the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association with funding from a Tobacco Trust Fund Commission Grant. Model Project #2: The Piedmont Food & Agriculture Processing Center (PFAPC) in Hillsborough was built in 2010. Funding for this facility came from the three sources listed in the next paragraph. The PFAPC proved to be complex and expensive. The facility director at that time was Dr. Noah Ranells, and he would be a good contact for project advisement. Dr. Ranells can be reached at the North Carolina A&T State University, Small Farm Agribusiness & Marketing Center. A.  Establish a farmer’s cooperative for wholesale product sales. Many farmers who were interviewed talked about the need for a vegetable cooperative in the county. Large wholesale buyers including grocery stores make purchase based upon meeting minimum volume standards that most individual farmers 67 30 cannot meet. A cooperative enhanced with county branding and marketing would create increased supply capability and demand for Person County farm products. B.  Build a refrigeration facility for vegetable and meat storage. The farm cooperative will need product storage. Model Project: Contact staff of the NC ADFP to find out the latest on funding and construction of these types of facilities in North Carolina. C.  Build a livestock sale facility. There used to be a livestock facility near Roxboro, but it closed down several years ago. This facility was used for sorting groups of market hogs onto truckloads. The facility closed due to decreasing animal numbers. A feasibility study may be warranted to determine the need for such a facility in the county. The level of interest of both livestock producers and buyers would determine the successfulness of such a project. Because of the diversity of livestock species in Person County, a facility would need to be able to handle multiple species. Any facility built should be able to handle multiple uses, such as educational programs and livestock shows. Model Program: The Duplin County Livestock Facility in Kenansville, N.C. D.   Seek a meat processor to locate in or near Person County for cattle and larger animals. Today there are more than 7,000 cattle, a bison farm and other livestock operations in Person County. Many of these animals are taken to meat processing facilities in Caswell and other counties, which means a lot of farm economy is leaving Person County. The Appalachian Sustainable Agriculture Project based out of Asheville, NC did a study, which led to construction of a modern livestock facility. A copy of that study can be found on their web site at: http://asapconnections.org/downloads/asap-large-animal- meat-processing-feasibility-in-wnc.pdf. Any facility built in Person County needs to include the capability of handling large animals including bison and be able to produce value-added products such as hot dogs and smoked meats. Due to the costs this type of project will only be attempted with the support of other counties in the region. A representative of each type of livestock operation in the county will be included in the planning process. Model Program: The Cruse Meat Handling Facility in Cabarrus County. E.  Obtain access for Person County farmers to the South Boston Cannery. The Tri-County Community Action Agency, Inc., of South Boston, Virginia will be contacted to ask about use by Person County farmers and food processors. 5.  Grow  Agritourism   A.  Continue to promote the annual farm tour of Person County. The Person County Museum of History and Person County Cooperative Extension organized three farm tours in 2012-2014. These tours have been loosely based on the Carolina Farm Stewardship Association (CFSA) model with the tours being self-guided and offered on Saturday and Sunday afternoons; an average of 15 sites participated. Now may be the time to evaluate the design of the farm tour for effectiveness on promoting farms while trying to reduce work, stress, and time requirements on the farmers. Furthermore, incorporating locally grown products into a meal for participants may need to be studied. Model Program: High Country Farm Tour in Watauga and Caldwell Counties. The web site on that tour is: http://farmtour.brwia.org/ . B.  Complete and promote the quilt trail. Collaborate with adjacent counties to expand the quilt trail as a regional trail. Additional funding for marketing can be sought through grants and the TDA. Model 68 31 Program: Tar River Quilt Trail in Counties along the Tar River. The web site is: http://www.fcacarts.org/quilt_trails_of_the_tar_river.aspx. Model Program: Quilt Trails of Western NC covers areas from Asheville up the Blue Ridge Mountains. For more information on this trail the web site is: http://www.quilttrailswnc.org/. C.  Increase the total miles of horse trails in the county. There are an estimated 2,000 horses in Person County. There are several training and boarding facilities and a show facility located in the northern part of the county. Many horse enthusiasts are concerned about the decreasing amount of land on which to ride horses. Additionally, many horse enthusiasts currently trailer horses just over the line into Durham County to ride at Hill Forest. Developing horse trails may be beneficial to keep current horseback riders in the county while drawing new riders to Person County. Increasing the horseback riders in the county could also help the local economy. Support would need to come from a large interested group of enthusiasts, not limited to horseback riders, in order to maintain trails throughout the county. 6.  Promote  Land  Protection   A.  Conduct an annual conservation and cost share workshop for all landowners. Workshops such as these can help educate farmers to different programs available and various conservation methods. Model Program: Wake Soil & Water Conservation District, Lee Soil & Water Conservation District and Buncombe Soil & Water Conservation District. B.  Increase VAD and NC Century Farm Program participation. These programs help to unify farmers and foresters. In addition, these programs build community, increase pride in these professions and demonstrate their impact to the County Commissioners. In every county one agency provides administrative support to the VAD and normally works on sign-ups for the Century Farm Program. Often this one agency handles all recruitment and sign-ups. Employees of agricultural agencies that do not work with these programs may not be aware of them. Conducting a meeting once a year with all agriculture and forestry agency personnel to talk about these programs, will increase landowner recruitment. Model Program: Buncombe, Cabarrus, Franklin and Moore Counties. C.  Adopt an EVAD ordinance. Person County adopted a Voluntary Agricultural District (VAD) Ordinance on February 7, 2011. The EVAD can also adopted by county ordinance and offers additional benefits as a stepped-up version of the VAD. The EVAD offers landowners extra protection with a ten- year renewable commitment that includes additional benefits to the landowner, such as higher cost share rates for installing best management practices. Adopting a Person County EVAD ordinance would simply give landowners an additional choice for protecting their land. Model Programs: Gaston and Polk counties. D.  Work with Co. Commissioners on establishing a PACE program supported by PUV rollback funds. Rollback funds are paid to the county by landowners who remove land from farming and forestry, so that it can be developed. Model Program: The Alamance County commissioners on an annual basis have committed rollback funds into a county account used as a match for state and federal easement matching funds. Each year applications are accepted and several landowners have been paid to leave their farm in agriculture on a permanent basis. These funds provide those farmers working capital to pay down debt and expand for profitability. 69 32 7.  Expand  Agriculture  Outreach  and  Marketing   A.  Establish & promote community gardens. The average American is five to seven generations removed from the farm and many have never raised a garden. Community gardens can also be used as an educational tool for students. Currently, Person County has one established community garden that is operated by the non-profit organization Special Populations Enrichment, Education and Employment Department (SPEEED). Model Programs: Polk County, NC Office of Agricultural Economic Development and the Forsyth County, NC Community Gardener Program. B.  Work on a county agricultural marketing collaboration with border counties to promote Person County agriculture that is organic and locally grown. Border counties with large urban areas are home to many businesses that place a premium on the purchase of local and organic agriculture. This objective is designed to increase access to those markets. -  A billboard to promote Person County agriculture & forestry. A billboard on a primary road in the county will communicate to the masses, the value of these industries to the county. Public officials and citizens need to be reminded of the dollars and employment generated by agriculture. - County agritourism web site. Orange County, NC has a model web site for promoting agriculture and agritourism. -  Person County Farm Products Booth. Multiple Person County farmers have sold product at farmers’ markets, both in and out of the county. Having one booth manned by multiple individuals, can benefit multiple farms through economy of scale. Model Program: Polk County has successfully operated an out of county farm products booth in Asheville, NC. -  A brochure on Person County amenities in hard copy, on the web and as a smart phone app, is needed to maximize marketing of Person County agriculture and agritourism. Model Programs: Orange County, NC has excelled at promoting local agriculture online. State of Virginia Welcome Centers distribute brochures that promote local agriculture. -  Annual food theme festival. A food themed festival would be a good way to market Person County agriculture and to educate the public on its value to the local economy. -  Agriculture marketing campaign. Many high earning, urban residents are willing to pay a premium for value-added agriculture, in the form of organic and locally grown agriculture. These same residents are exposed to lots of marketing, which means that Person County farmers can benefit by making an investment in advertising. C.  Market Person County agriculture to attract retirees. Every year there are new retirees looking to relocate, many of them are seeking a slower pace of life, they have money to spend, are highly educated and are consumers who place a high value on locally grown agriculture. Convincing retirees to move here will grow the agribusiness economy. D.  Conduct a marketing & education campaign on benefits of buying local agriculture products targeting Person County residents. Many citizens do not understand the benefits of supporting the economy through buying local or the benefits of eating fresh products. In addition, farmers’ market customers do not place a high value on buying organic. A marketing campaign would help out in both of these areas. E.  Maximize the profitability and outreach of the two farmers’ markets in Roxboro. If leadership of the two farmers’ markets in Roxboro could work together, it would benefit Person County agriculture. 70 33 These markets were established at different times, with different rules and each serves a unique client base. Unsuccessful attempts have been made to establish a working relationship between the two markets in the past. This approach that is bring recommended is to bring in a neutral party to chair a committee, or contract for a study with emphasis on: -  shared marketing -  enhancing market events -  using SNAP The customer base in Person County can be increased with two marketing campaigns, one targeting county residents and the other to bordering counties. Additionally, the two farmers’ markets could run an education campaign on supporting the economy by buying local agriculture. A work group, or a study could identify new components to enhance the experience at each farmers’ market that will make each of them a destination worth repeating on a regular basis. These components could include cooking classes, music and EBT. Roxboro City Market. This is the older of the two farmers’ markets in Roxboro, it operates on a city parking lot along Depot Street. This market was estimated by city staff to have been started over 30 years ago. This market falls under authority of the Roxboro City Council. Two key council members to contact for additional information and to initiate a dialogue, are Henry Daniels who helped to start the market and William Davis, Mayor Pro Tem. Person County Market. The Person County Farmers Market at 601 N. Madison Blvd. was started in 2009 with grant funding. This market is under the direction of an elected board and hired manager. F.   Pursue selling farm products & setting-up an agriculture education booth at arts, parks, festivals & sporting events. Other communities are seeing success of farmers selling product at county sponsored events. Model Program: Farm produce sales at baseball games of the Thomasville, N.C. Copperheads. A grant from the NC Department of Agriculture ADFP Trust Fund was used to pay for the necessary infrastructure. 8.  Forestry  Opportunities   A.  Educate the public on the economic value of forestry and proper forestry management. Forestry is not recognized for its economic contribution, employment numbers and environmental stewardship. The Caswell County Area Forestry Association conducts several educational trainings each year. Forestry businesses, the NC Forestry Association and NC Forest Service are willing to provide technical assistance and support for educational efforts. NC Forest Service personal could write a monthly newspaper article on forestry related topics. B.  Evaluate local N.C. Forest Service staffing needs. The county is only meeting half of its forestry production capability with heavy demand for technical services by consultants and the NC Forest Service staff. Currently there are two employees in the Forest Service Office in Roxboro. The NC Forestry Service and Person County share the cost of maintaining the county forestry office. The NC Forest Service District Office should be contacted with a request to do a personnel study on Person County. 71 34 C.  Contact military representatives to promote Person County farm & forestland for training. Every branch of the military has a base in North Carolina. Urban encroachment limits training space for soldiers and they are always seeking rural lands to rent and lease for training. NC Farm Bureau has a long track record of working with the military on these types of issues in North Carolina. Chester Lowder who works at FB Headquarters in Raleigh is a good point of contact. Once details are worked out, landowner workshops will be conducted to educate them on options to consider and how the process works. D.  Conduct a forestry potential and capacity report. Forestry consultants stated during the interview process that many Person County landowners are guilty of poor tree stand management. Everett Titus is a Forestry Procurement Officer who works at the Louisiana Pacific OSB plant in Roxboro. During the interview process Mr. Titus talked about the fact that Person County forestry production has the potential to be doubled with better management. Increased production will increase revenues, employment and generate additional tax revenue. A work group with Everett Titus, agency professionals and NCSU forestry staff should be asked to set-up a work group that will prepare a report with recommendations that will be presented to the PCAAB and the Person County Commissioners. 9.  Provide  Networking  and  Education  to  Existing  Farmers   A.  Organize an annual farmer appreciation event. It is important to recognize agriculture as a viable economic contributor to the county. One way is by honoring farmers at an annual appreciation event. This event will give commissioners, local agricultural leaders, agribusinesses and farmers a chance to network and discuss agriculture related topics. Model Programs: Stokes County Farmer Appreciation Night, Rowan County Farmer Appreciation Breakfast, Orange County Agricultural Summit. B.  Establish an annual schedule of farmer educational forums. During interviews farmers and foresters talked about topics that they would like to know more about. Below is a list of those topics. -  Agritourism Opportunities in North Carolina -  Cost Share Programs For Farms and Forestry -  Crop Insurance Opportunities -  DMV Regulation for Agriculture and Forestry -  Effective Marketing of Agriculture -  Estate Planning -  Farmland Preservation and Conservation Easements -  Farm Transition To The Next Generation -  Good Agriculture Practices training -  Managing and Selling Forestry Tracts For Maximum Profit -  New Farmer Training -  New Opportunities in Agriculture -  Networking With Famers, Agencies and Organizations To Increase Profits -  Organic Certification -  Operating a CSA, Community Support Agriculture -  Opportunities for Leasing Land To Farm -  Opportunities in Agriculture That Support the Horse Industry -  Product Liability Concerns and Solutions -  Profiting From A Hunting Lease 72 35 -  Selling and Marketing Firewood -  The Impacts of Environmental Regulations For Farming and Forestry -  The Pros and Cons of Solar Farms -  Using Tobacco Greenhouses To Generate Additional Income -  Value Added Agriculture C.  Establish FFA Alumni organization. A National FFA Alumni Affiliate helps to rally the local community around agricultural education and FFA activities. FFA alumni affiliates also provide a helping hand to FFA advisors in coordinating activities for the local FFA chapters. D.  Establish the Person County Area Hobby Farm Association. The managers of Southern States and Tractor Supply stated that a large and growing customer base are the owners of hobby farms. Many of these are first time farmers, some are young and have limited resources, others are retired professionals who left a career and have money to spend. All of these individuals have questions and need assistance. An association would grow this market and help hobby farms to be successful. E.  Conduct an annual Landowner Workshop. An annual workshop will be conducted by government agency personnel to educate landowners on grants, the VAD, EVAD, PUV, NC Century Farm Program and cost share programs. Model Programs: Cabarrus Soil & Water Conservation District, Moore Soil & Water Conservation District and Wake County, NC. F.  Evaluate land lease options and the number of rental properties available to farmers in the county. New and existing farmers need land to lease for their operations and housing for their workers. The number of properties available is scarce or farmers are unaware of opportunities. Efforts to establish a unified listing of available land/rental properties would be beneficial. 10.  Facilitate  Farm  Transitions   A.  Conduct an annual farm transitions workshop. An annual workshop will be conducted by government agency personnel to educate landowners on estate planning, taxation, conservation easements and planning for the future of their land. Model Programs: Cabarrus Soil & Water Conservation District, Moore Soil & Water Conservation District and Wake County, NC. B.  Conduct seminars for realtors, attorneys, and paralegals on farmland transactions. Most land transactions involved an attorney and a real estate agent. Some attorneys and real estate agents have minimal knowledge of PUV, the VAD and the available conservation programs. Not knowing about these programs can result in landowners purchasing land with limitations and added costs. The goal of this objective will be to educate attorney and real estate agents from all of the NC boundary counties of Person County. These workshops will present information about programs that will help their clients and in turn help new landowners and these programs successful. The Office of the State Bar and NC Realtors Association will be contacted to see if participating in this course can include continuing education credits. 73 36 Appendix  B:    FPP  Survey  Instrument   A survey instrument was designed by the FPP Leadership team with nine questions about Peron County agriculture. This survey was distributed at several events and below is a summary of the results. How important is agriculture to the Person County economy? 77% responded “extremely” and 23% responded “very” How important is forestry to the Person County economy? 70% responded “extremely” and 26% responded “very” How concerned are you about the loss of farmland in the county? 61% responded “extremely” and 31% responded “very” You feel that Agriculture and Forestry will continue to make significant contributions to the Person County economy over the next: 5 & 10 years? 100% responded “Yes” 20 years or long? 96% responded “Yes” What are the three biggest challenges that you face as a farmer, or landowner? 60% responded “Farm Transfer - One Generation to The Next” 50% responded “Production Costs” 48% responded “Residential/Commercial Development” & “Cost of Farmland” Rank the top three reasons you are interested in preserving farmland in Person County. 58% responded “Quality of Life” 50% responded “Food Security” 33% responded “Tourism/Attractiveness of The County” If Person County were to receive grant money to preserve farmland, how would you like to see that money spent? 50% responded “Creating a Person County Brand, or Other Marketing Strategy” 50% responded “Educating Youth About Farming” 36% responded “Incorporating Ag./Forestry Into Economic Development” 35% responded “Incorporate the Farmland Preservation Plan Into Co. Master Plan” Are you interested in learning about conservation easements & tax credits? 96% - Yes Should there be an Enhanced Voluntary Ag. District program in by Person Co.? 100% responded “Yes” there should be an EVAD and 94% “Yes” I will participate. General question, one response was “FFA needs to focus more on vocational education to develop young farmers for working with livestock.” 74 37 75 38 FPP Survey Instrument continued 76 39 Appendix  C:    Key  Points  from  Interviews   More than 200 people were interviewed during the course of pulling this plan together and each one was asked what is needed to enhance future sustainability of Person County farming and forestry. Many farmers expressed praise for ongoing agency efforts and shared individual success stories. Almost all of the residents who were interviewed stated they place high value on the rural lifestyle, which is a byproduct of successful agriculture. Below are the most common concerns and ideas expressed. -  Agriculture is one of the main economic engines in Person County. -  What kind of agriculture is best suited for Person County? -  How will the majority of our farmers prepare for future success? -  Why are so many new farming operations coming into the south end of the county? -  How many of the new farms that come into the county are profitable within five years? -  What do these new farms need most of all to be successful? -  What is the most effective way to introduce new ideas for farming into the county? -  Person County vegetable farmers need a vegetable cooperative. -  It is a proven fact that selling vegetables at baseball games can generate income. -  Income from the average Person County forestry tract will double with better management. -  How many farmers will continue raising tobacco? -  There are two competing and very different farmer markets in Roxboro. -  More income is generated by local farm product sold at farm markets outside the county, then at the two markets in Roxboro. What can be done to increase Person County sales? -  What is the best and highest use of each land tract in the county? -  More than 2,000 horses are in Person County today, what does that mean for the future? -  Will the next generation supply enough farmers and foresters to keep Person County’s largest economic engine running, or will this part of the economy diminish over time? -  Farming and forestry are no longer a blue-collar professions. It is important for a farmer to be educated, networking and constantly aware of market changes. -  How many Person County landowners are interested in conservation easements? -  What is the best solution to farm labor shortages? -  What is being done to integrate bike trails, sporting events, bed and breakfast establishments and signage into growing the Person County market for agriculture? -  What impact are environmental regulations having on Person County agriculture? -  Access to affordable land is a challenge for most farmers. -  Will more Person County agriculture be local grown and organic in the future? -  How many landowners are enrolled in the VAD and Present Use Value taxation? -  Is every 100-year-old farm in the county enrolled in the NC Century Farm Program? -  Who benefits most from the clean water that is leaving Person County farms and forests? -  Will conventional farms keep getting bigger over time? -  Are solar farms a good, or bad long-term use of the land? -  How can a young person who does not grow-up on a family farm, learn the trade? -  The FFA program in Person County has declined, how can it be improved? 77 40 -  What is the best option for transitioning my farm to the next generation, so that it remains both profitable and not lost due to taxes owed? -  CES and NRCS are losing employees through budget cuts and new program priorities, is there anything that we can do at the local level to slow, or stop this loss? -  Agribusinesses depend heavily upon the technical advice and expertise of farm agencies. -  How much longer will there be an adequate labor force for Person County farms? -  I have farmed all of my life, with today’s lower profit margins and higher input costs, it would be impossible for me to start over in farming again and achieve what I have today.   78 41 Appendix  D:    Grant  Resources   The N.C. Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services (NCDA&CS) houses the N.C. Division of Soil and Water Conservation and NC Forest Service, with staff in every county. Programs administered through NCDA&CS are in place to protect farmland and assist with sustainable farming, agritourism, marketing, soils analysis, fertilization, crops and limiting liability. Following is a listing of several program areas: •  Agriculture Cost Share Programs to fund water quantity and water quality initiatives on farmland. Agricultural Development and Farmland Preservation Trust Fund provides funding for agricultural infrastructure, planning for agriculture at the county level, and purchase of conservation easements on farms and forestland. The Fund develops purchase of agricultural conservation easements (PACE) programs and offers matching funds for PACE easements, with preference to any county that has adopted a countywide farmland preservation plan. •  Agritourism Networking Association •  Agronomic Services (crop management, soil testing, nutrient advisement and animal waste analysis) •  Forestry Cost Share Programs •  Marketing Assistance, including listings in a statewide Agricultural Directory •  Regulatory Authority for pesticides, livestock and crop disease management, food recalls, weights and scales •  State Farmer Markets and State Fairs •  Technical Assistance as it relates to farming and forestry •  Voluntary Agriculture District and Century Farm program over sight The Tobacco Trust Fund (TTF) provides grant funding to 501(c)(3) nonprofits and governmental entities across the state, to facilitate transiting farms from tobacco to other types of agriculture. TTF publishes an annual report of all projects that have been approved. Agencies that are listed in this report are a good resource for advisement with the TTF grant application process. A list of projects funded and current application guidelines can be found on their web page. The Golden Leaf Foundation (GLF) awards grants to 501(c)(3) nonprofits and governmental entities across North Carolina. Grant funding focuses on farms and communities that have been impacted by the loss of tobacco. County agencies listed in this report can assist with any grant application to the TTF. A list of projects funded and current application guidelines can be found on their web page. The Tar River Land Conservancy (TLC) is based in Louisburg. TLC is the primary non-profit land stewardship organization in an eight county region that includes Person County. TLC works to preserve land in the Tar River Basin. This work is accomplished by working with landowners and agencies who are interested in a conservation easement.   79 42 Appendix  E:    Planning  Tools  for  Farm  &   Forestland  Preservation   Protection  Tool  Definition  Benefits  Drawbacks  Applicability/Status   Person  County     Comprehensive   Plan     Guiding  vision  of   what  a  community   wants  to  be  in  the   future  and  a   strategy  for   achieving  that.     An  organized  way  to   identify  productive   farmland  and  set   growth  and   preservation  goals.   Serves  as  basis  for   land  use  regulations.     Not  legally  binding   may  be  changed  or   ignored  by  officials   as  they  rule  on   development   proposals.     Person  County  does   not  have  a  plan  and   currently  is  using   the  “Land  Use  Plan”   model  from  the   1990’s.     Differential   Assessment     Taxation  of   farmland  based  on   its  agricultural  use   rather  than  its   development   value.     Modest   incentive  to   keep  land  in   commercial   farming.     Also  benefits  land   speculators   waiting  to  develop   land.     Tax  benefits  through   Present  Use  Tax   Valuation  are   available  to  farmers   and  must  be  applied   for.  Additional  tax   benefits  are   available  to   stimulate  farm  level   investment  through   income  tax  credits.       Right-­‐‑to-­‐‑  Farm   Laws     According  to  NC   General  Statute   106-­‐701:         1.  Definition  of   agriculture   2.  One-­‐‑Year  of   Operation   3.  Sound  ag   practices   determination     Strengthens  the   ability  of  farmers   to  defend   themselves  against   nuisance  suits.   Shields  farmers   from  excessively   restrictive  local   laws  and  unwanted   public   infrastructure.   Available  to  all   farms  in  the  State.     Not  meant  to  shield   from  all  legal   disputes  with   neighbors.  Does   not  stop   complaints  from   non-­‐‑farm   neighbors.  May  not   protect  major   changes  in  farm   operations  or  new   operations.     These  protections   are  afforded  to   farmland  to  all   farms  in  the  State   under  North   Carolina  State  Law.     Person  County,   with  State   authorization,  may   adopt  a  more   stringent  Right-­‐‑To-­‐‑   Farm  Ordinance  to   protect  against   specious  nuisance   claims.   80 43 Protection  Tool  Definition  Benefits  Drawbacks  Applicability/Status   Person  County     Agricultural   Districts  (VAD,   EVAD)     Designation  of  an   area  of  viable   agricultural  land.   Initiated  and  self-­‐‑ selected  by   landowners,   adopted  by  county.   Eligibility,  minimum   acreage  is   determined  by  each   county.  Land  can  go   in  and  out  at  any   time.  Not  tied  to   agricultural   assessment.     Farmed  land  within   district  is  provided   a  minimum  level  of   protection  from   nuisance  claims  and   public   condemnation   processes.     Enhanced  districts   allow  for   additional  benefits   including  a  higher   level  of  protection.     Area  defined  by   willing  landowners   and  has  no  real   longevity  as  a   protection  tool.     Person  County  has   enrolled  26,500   acres  in  the  VAD   Program.     Enrolled   properties  can  be   identified  as   targets  for   permanent   preservation  due   to  their   productive  soils   and  operating   characteristics.       Agricultural   Zoning     Zoning  that  allows   residential   development  at  a   rate  of  one  unit  per   20  acres  or  lower   in  a  predominantly   farming  area.   Ideally,  the  allowed   density  can  be  built   on  much  smaller   lots  rather  than   large  lots  with  each   residence.     Limits  non-­‐‑farm   development  in   areas  intended  for   agricultural  use.   Can  protect  large   areas  of  farmland   at  low  public  cost.     Local  government   can  rezone  land.   Landowners  may   complain  about   loss  of  ‘equity   value’  if  land  values   have  begun  to   escalate  due  to   development   pressure.     Unincorporated               areas  of  the  County   are  zoned  RC,   which  is  the  least   restrictive   available.    This   provides  no   specific  protection   for  commercial   farming   operations.  As  land   use  changes  to   include  more   suburban  homes,   this  may  become  a   serious  challenge   to  agricultural   operations.     81 44 Protection  Tool  Definition  Benefits  Drawbacks  Applicability/Status   Person  County     Purchase  of   Development   Rights  (PDR)     Voluntary   separation  and  sale   of  the  development   rights  from  land  in   exchange  for  a   permanent   conservation   easement.   Typically  paid   difference  between   restricted  value   and  fair  market   value.  Land   remains  in  private   ownership  and  on   tax  rolls.     Provides   permanent   protection  of   farmland  and  puts   cash  into  farm  and   farm  economy.     Public  cost  may  be   high.  Combined   with  being   voluntary,  it  may   be  difficult  to   protect  a  critical   mass  of  farmland.     Person  County   does  not  have  a   Purchase  of   Development   Rights  program.   Funding  would   need  to  be  set-­‐‑ aside  in  the  annual   budget  to   implement  a   program.       Transfer  of   Development   Rights  (TDR)     Voluntary   separation  and  sale   of  development   rights  from  land  in   one  part  of  a   jurisdiction  to  be   used  to  increase   density  in  another   part.     Conservation   easement  placed   on  sending  parcel.     Developers   compensate   farmland  owners.   Creates  permanent   protection  of   farmland  and  shifts   some  costs  to   private  sector.     Difficult  to   establish  and   administer.   Opposition  by   landowners  in   receiving  areas.     Needs  to  be  an   integral  part  of  a   jurisdiction’s   growth   management   strategy  at  a  time   that  sending  area   resources  are   relatively  intact   and  intensification   of  receiving  areas   is  feasible.     Land  values,   development   regulations  and   congestion  in  the   Triangle  and  Triad   along  with   changing  consumer   preferences  and   workplace   requirements,   make  Person   County   increasingly   attractive  to   developers.    One   tool  to  help  balance   our  goals  would  be   the  creation  of  a   county-­‐‑wide  TDR.       Currently  no  real   means  to  utilize   development  rights   as  an  incentive   exists.    A  county-­‐‑   wide  TDR  program   would  be  enhanced   by  agreements   with  Roxboro  and   Durham  and   Orange  counties.     82 45 Protection  Tool  Definition  Benefits  Drawbacks  Applicability/Status   Person  County     Private  Land   Trusts     Local  non-­‐‑profit   501.c  (3)   corporations   designed  to   identify  resources   to  be  protected,   accept  permanent   conservation   easements  from   landowners,  and   monitor  their   provisions  through   time.     Can  provide   permanent  land   protection.  Can   forge  public-­‐‑   private   partnerships.   Greatly  facilitate   the  donation  of   conservation   easements  from   landowners  able  to   benefit  from   income  tax   benefits.     Private  land  trusts   rarely  have  funds   to  buy  easements.   Conservation  deals   sometimes  based   on  allowing  limited   development.  May   create  islands  of   protection  rather   than  a  critical  mass   of  contiguous   lands.   Unless  specifically   designed  for   agricultural   protection,  farming   may  be  virtually   impossible  on   conservation   easements   designed  for  other   purposes.     Land  Trusts  that   may  be  utilized   are:     •  Conservation   Trust  for  North   Carolina   •  Black  Family   Land  Trust   •  Tar  River  Land   Conservancy   •  Piedmont  Land   Conservancy     Conservation  Easements   A conservation easement is a voluntary recorded legal agreement between a landowner and a land trust or governmental agency. Depending upon how an easement is written, it is a temporary or permanent development restriction on the land. Ownership is maintained and the land may be sold or passed to heirs; however, future owners must abide by the easement. The landowner retains all rights allowing them to continue to farm and practice forestry on their land. A landowner can simply donate development rights with no compensation or they can be compensated based on the value of the land minus its restricted value. Whether rights are purchased or donated, most landowners get a combination of tax benefits and payment. A bargain sale occurs when the landowner is paid for a partial valuing of the easement and the remaining value is used for favorable tax treatment for any permanent easement. These are known as Purchase of Agricultural Conservation Easement (PACE) or Purchase of Development Rights (PDR). Funding comes from the Federal government’s program, but requires a match that can be met with a combination of State program funds and local or the landowner’s in-kind donation. Currently, the Natural Resource Conservation Service and N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services are the primary funding sources. The Tar River Land Conservancy and partnering agencies have protected many acres of farmland through the use of easements. 83 46 The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service provides matching funds for the purchase of conservation easements. Some farms in the state have already benefited from this program, which changes with each update of the Federal Farm Bill. Application for this program is made through the NRCS field office in Roxboro. The Agricultural Development and Farmland Preservation Trust Fund (ADFP) was established within the N.C. Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services in 1985. Funding is available through the ADFP for three purposes: purchase of temporary and permanent easements on farms and forestland, agricultural infrastructure projects, and military projects. Having the County Farmland Preservation Plan in place (this document) gives farmers and the county a lower match requirement and more favorable points ranking in seeking grant funds. Any easement program that distributes funds should be administered with a land parcel ranking system. Setting priorities helps ensure that every applicant is evaluated in a consistent manner. This approach can also be used to satisfy eligibility requirements for state and federal matching funds. All North Carolina counties that have secured outside easement funding have a ranking system in place. Alamance, Buncombe and Orange are three examples of counties that can share their form with Person County. Any landowner, who chooses to place a conservation easement on their property, is the grantor. The grantor must find a stewardship organization, such as the Soil and Water Conservation District or a land trust such as the Tar River Land Conservancy, to inspect their property on an annual basis. The stewardship organization is known as the easement holder. In every situation, the landowners should consult a qualified attorney or accountant for legal advice on taxes, estate planning and future restrictions of the land. 84 47 Appendix  F:    Acknowledgements   Many thanks to the landowners, farmers, foresters, organizations, agencies, businesses, and citizens who generously shared their time and knowledge for this project. Person County Farmland Preservation Plan Leadership Team: Claudia Berryhill, DVM Nancy McCormick Elizabeth Zander James Pentecost Michael Ciriello George O’Neal Bruce Whitfield Jimmy Clayton Sallie Vaughn Jack Pleasant Phillip Reams Tina Vernon Paul Westfall Kim Woods Bernard Obie Sybil Tate Brent Bogue Organizations: Roxboro Community School FFA County Beekeepers Association Piedmont Conservation Council Long Memorial United Methodist Church Person County Farmers Market Tar River Land Conservancy Person County Farm Bureau The Christian Help Center Beulah Baptist Association Roxboro Farmers Market Carolina Farm Credit Bushy Fork Grange Kerr-Tar COG Government Agencies: Person Soil and Water Conservation District Person County Community College Person County Recreation, Arts and Parks Person County Health Department Person County Cooperative Extension Person County Economic Development Person County Planning Department Voluntary Agricultural District Person County Health Department Person County Public Library Person County Tax Office USDA Farm Service Agency Person County Schools NC Forest Service USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service 85