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4-9-2026 Agenda packet PBPERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Suite B Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 PERSON COUNTY PLANNING BOARD Person County Office Building, Room 215 MEETING AGENDA April 9, 2026 7:00 P.M. A.CALL TO ORDER B.DETERMINATION OF QUORUM 1.Conflict of Interest C.CONSIDERATION AND APPROVAL OF BOARD MINUTES 1.Minutes of March 12, 2026 D.CONSIDERATION OF ADDITIONS TO THE AGENDA E.UNFINISHED BUSINESS 1.Petition TA 5-26 – Subdivision Regulations – Exempt Subdivision Update i.Action: Initial discussion F.HEARING ON CASES, IN THE ORDER THEY WERE RECEIVED 1.Petition TA 4-26 – Planning Ordinance – Public Notices and Hearings i.Action: Continue to date certain 2.Planning Board Training i.Action: N/A G.ADJOURNMENT PERSON COUNTY PERSON COUNTY PLANNING BOARD MEETING MINUTES Person County Office Building, Room 215 March 12th, 2026, 7:00 PM CALL TO ORDER/DETERMINATION OF A QUORUM Chair George established a quorum had been met and called the meeting to order at 7:00 pm. ROLL CALL Members Present: Chair George, Member Tanks, Member Wagstaff, Member Lynch, Member Lester, Member Mcfarland Member Absent: Member Allen Staff Present: Planning Director Nish Trivedi, Planner Jay Jennings, Michie Brandon Planning Technician and Board Recording Secretary CONFLICT OF INTEREST AVOIDANCE REMINDER & DECLARATIONS No member declared a conflict of interest. APPROVAL OF MINUTES Member George opened the portion of the meeting for approval of the Febraury 12, 2026. Member George asked for actions and comments to be added to the minutes in the consolidation section, TRC section and to review what was requested in the landscaping and buffer sections. Planning Director stated he would review those sections for accuracy. UNFINISHED BUSINESS Member George requested that unfinished business be changed to new business. The Planning Director stated he was following how it was outlined in the approved rules and procedures and ensure consistency with the outline in them. TA-4-26 – Planning Ordinance - Consolidation. The Planning Director gave the presentation for the text admendment for initial public discussion. Member Lester stated what is the difference between meeting verses hearings. The Planning Director stated that all Planning Board meeting are public meetings where people are always invited to and encouraged to comment, not formal hearings. Planning Board does not make decisions so no legislative hearings. Their meetings are not quasie-judicial so no evidentury hearing. The public can still attend meetings and comment at meetings but the meetings are not considered public hearings for the Planning Board. Planning Director provided examples of the very limited counties that allow hearings at advisory board lebel, stated for clarification that Pender county does it for text amendments and map amendments. Member Wagstaff asked what we do it for. The Planning Director stated that Person county does it for text/map amendments, conditional rezonings, development agreements, and vested rights. Member George stated that text admendments are common and typically several items are all bundled into one newspaper ad. Planning Director reminded them that even bundled, cost to the county is per letter per occurance, not just number of amendments. Member Lester stated if we pass this there will not be a ad in the paper. The Planning Director confirmed this, adding that all meetings are public, posted on the County websites, calendar, and packets made available through them. Member George asked how will the public know. Planning Director reminded them of their approved calendar, County website, packet publication. The planner stated the notice will still be placed in the newspaper for the Board of Commsioner public hearings. Member Lynch stated that right now landowners within 500’ will get a letter and a sign will be placed out on the property. Member Lynch stated if I am reading this correctly that goes away. The Planning Director stated no that 500’ notice letter would stay and the the sign would stay because that is still required for all public hearings before the Board of Commissioners. Member George stated that under Planning Board rules and procedures for the notice what member Lynch stated has been struck out. The Planning Director stated to be consistent with the planning ordinance because there are two separate sets the notices requirements become repetitive and are similar enough they only need to be stated once. The Planning Director stated that the second set of requirements for the mail notieces would be kept for clarity. Member Lynch stated as long as those two requirements stay it seemed like adequate notice for the affected property owners and interested property owners. Member Lynch requested that Staff look into other forms to let the public know. Planning Director would follow up later on different means of public engagement. Member Lynch asked about the cost to the applicant. The Planning Director stated that the county pays the fee to advertise right now. Member George stated why has that not been incorporated into the application fee. The Planner stated the county has been paying all notice requirement fees and that it has never been incorporated into the fee schedule. Member Lynch stated that should be looked into. Member George stated that she agreed with the applicant paying there own advertising then decreasing the amount of public notice. The Planning Director stated this text amendment is decreasing expenses and especially costs to the public, because NCGS does not require advisory boards to conduct public hearings, only Governing Board are required to do them. Member George stated that this is decreasing the amount of ways for the public to know about this meeting. Planning Director clarifed, this only removes the small expensive legal add in the paper for planning board’s hearings, all planning board meetings are on the County’s website, calendar, and published packets continue to remain as does legal ad for the Commissioner’s public hearing. Member George stated this will also give individuals more time to gather information to provide for the Public hearing. The Planning Director reminded them that throughout the past several months, out of all the text and map amendments, the only Planning Board public hearing were public provided information was Hicks rezoning. Member Wagstaff stated that the public participated in the solar text admendment. The Planning Director stated that was before he had stated with the county. Member George stated just because the public has not participated in 5 months does not mean that that was a good reason to decrease the avenue for public participation. Planning Director reminded them he would bring back an item on public participation and that they are also welcomed to encourage the public to attend the Planning Board meetings. Member Tanks stated she agreed with the text edits and agreed with member Lynch with the 500’ notice and sign. Member Lynch asked if this was passed how will things change for the Planning Board. The Planning Director stated the only change would be cutting our advertising expense in half, Planning Board meetings would continue, as would public comments. Member Lynch stated for clarification that public hearings are required of the Governing Board which is the Board of Commsioners whereas, the Planning Board is only required to hold a public meeting. Member Mcfarland stated he was in support of the text admendment and that it would not be economically friendly for development to require a applicant to pay the five hundred to six hundred advertising fee. Member Lynch stated what other avenues other than a newspaper ad can we use to let the public know about meetings. The Planning Director stated that staff would do some research to bring back to the Planning Board next week. Member Lynch stated that by offering a alternative that it would help support the decision to stop the Legal ad for the Planning Board. The Planning Director stated that staff would do some research to bring back to the Planning Board next week. Member Lester stated how does staffing affect the legal ad. The Planning Director stated that time goes into creating, proof reading and sending the ad to the newspaper and also making sure that what is sent is what is posted in the paper. The Planner stated that there would be less room for error by changing this process. Member George asked how much time the ad takes and can the time be broken out on the different steps of the ad process. The Planning Director stated he would bring back that information the following meeting. Member Lester asked if the change will take effect immediately. The Planning Director stated it would not take affect until the commsioiners approved it. Member Wagstff stated could we only do one ad. The Planner stated that could be the Planning Boards recommendation but it would still be at the counties cost. Member Wagstff stated it may be suspicious to residents if we remove the notice. Planning Director reminded them that their meetings would still be public and comments would still be collected. Member George stated especially with larger projects coming through. The Planning Director stated most large projects are by right are done administratively and does not require going before the Planning Board. Member George stated any development requiring a hearing. Planning Director reminded them that the Ordiannce only requires hearings on text/map amendments, Conditional Districts, Development Agreements and Vested Rights, not by-right. Special Use Permits are done by the Governing Board. Member James stated her support for the admendment, bringing the meetings into compliance, saving staff time, and saving the county money. Member Lynch stated that the first two 156-4, and 158-3 public notices require that the applicant is responsible for the letter and placing the sign. The Planner stated he would go back and check it. The text admendment will be brought before the Board for action in April. Public Hearing Petition TA-1-26 – Planning Ordinance - Consolidation. The Planning Director presented the presentation for all three text amendments. The Planner stated in terms for the consolidation that the County Attorney is requesting to match the state language regarding each of the individual articles and that we do not use cross references. The Planner stated that the footnotes will be removed as well. Member George opened the portion of the meeting for discussion on TA-1-26 – Planning Ordinance – Consolidation. Member Lynch stated in the definitions, page 108, a date that was revisioned needs to be added. Member George stated that the footnote on page 21 just states AR. The Planning Director reminded them all footnotes would be removed. Member George stated that was not what we were given. The Planning Director stated that County attorney’s recommendations were received yesterday as presented on the slide. Member George stated that that she had asked that the document be prepared converted to black and white but the pdf still remains in color. The Planning Director reminded them they would not be able to distinguish new text from old and that the final document will be in black and white as it would only have the final approved text. Additionally, he would go back and check the footer. Member George stated on pages 127 and 137 it is missing a footer and the rest of the document there is a banner on the bottom. Member George stated in terms of consistency of formatting she has some difficulties with this ordinance. Member Mcfarland stated that this seems to be clerical errors that corrected later. The Planner stated he would correct them. Member Wagstaff stated its just cometic changes. Member George stated that it needed to be brought up due to them not being updated. Simalar to the discussions of the UDO changes that were requested would never be added. Member George stated that was were she was coming from. Member Wagstaff stated that the cometic changes are not the ordinance and Member mcfarland agreed as long as the content shows the changes. Member Mcfarland made a motion and Member Tanks seconded and it passed 5:1 Member Lynch stated that she would like to do this in a way as clear as possible and be considerate of the budget and Member George agreed. Member James stated its confusing when we talk about finance friendly when we were just talking about saving money from not advertising and we could not make a decision. Member George stated that the color for the document was not a value added thing whereas the ad does add value. Member Mcfarland stated this should not be something that we can control. If someone at work prints it in color they print it in color. Public Hearing Petition TA 2-26 – Planning Ordinance - Technical/Development Review Committee The Planning Director represented the section of the presentation for this article. Member Wagstaff stated that requiring another committee requiring all departments to be involved was cumbersome. The Planning Director stated that all departments would be invited, but their attendance is not mandatory, each department would determine how involved they want to be and could appoint anyone on their staff to represent their department. If they had no comment, all they would have to do is say no comment. Member Wagstaff stated but it states they shall respond and they shall attend monthly. Staff Brandon stated the regardless of the TRC the individual would still be required to get that approval. It is simply a way to navigate applicants clearly from point A to point B. Member Wagstaff asked why parks and rec would be involved and it was a overstep into other departments. The Planning Director reminded them that certain projects would have open space amenities and their input would be valuable. Additionally, just as we invite everyone in the public – whether the material in the packet effects them or not – this extends that practice to all departments, whether they have comments on it or not. Member Lynch stated was there any departments listed that would never need to be involved in this type of meeting. The Planning Director stated what is listed is based on my professional experiences from other areas in different states I have worked with based on potential applications, especially when not knowing what an applicant may submit. Certain departments like Human Resources and Finance are not listed because they would not have any comments. Member Lynch stated all of these could potentially be involved in a particular project. The Planner stated and like every public citizen they would be kept in the loop about what is going on. Member Lynch stated that keeps you out of situations where the applicant has to bounce around departments or you can get all departments on the same page at the same time. Staff Brandon stated that it is our job to this also adds a additional standard for everyone to act ethically and not require for one individual and not the other. Member George stated has that been a problem in the past with other departments. Staff Brandon stated our jobs is to act fair and equitable to everyone and it just adds that additional standard to be fair and equitable to everyone. The Planning Director stated we already have proven examples of TRC Meetings like 3 schools in one meeting, and we have applicants requesting them, like Duke. Member Wagstaff stated why do these meeting have to be written in law to be completed. The Planning Director stated that if it is not codefied, it is not practiced or offered. Writing it into the ordinance clarifies to everyone what it is, how it is done and describes the expedited and efficient process. Without it, applicants continue to bounce around different departments at different stages getting different information rather than all being on the same page. Member George stated that what she is hearing is that departments are doing different things for different applicants. Planning Director stated he has no jurisdiction on what other departments do. Member George asked if Planning department will be the judge of what is done. The Planning Director stated the department is simply coordinating a meeting and every department is in the know of what is going on. Staff Brandon stated with as many applications as we are having come through to keep up with permits in a timely manner. This will be effective instead of getting caught up on issues where applicants get tripped up due to not having a process lined out. Member George asked if staff had checked with stakeholders. Planning Director reminded them of the extensive public process resulting in the text amendment, including the two workshops with all the departments, the multiple successful pilot projects involving schools, bardominium, glamping, Duke’s request and the potential benefit to Microsoft. Member Lynch asked about the bardominium meeting. The Planner stated it was a developer seeking multiple different uses on a large property including glamping, resort, gym, and we covered it all with multiple departments in one meeting. They have not submitted a formal application yet.. Member George stated such as contractors that routinely pull permits. Planning Director reminded them that each project requires different permits by our and other departments. This process bring all these different permits together into one meeting so applicants can get all their questions answered at the same time for all their permits. Member Lynch asked if this is a process that shall happen or may happen. Staff Brandon stated each situation is different based on minute details when it comes to planning and zoning and has to be weighed out. You may have someone that wants to build a bardominium but also wants to do the glamping use. Each one requiring different permits. You may just have someone who wants to build a house. That can be processed administratively. It gives staff and applicant consistency in the permits and the complixity of the project determines the need for different permits. Member Mcfarland stated to change shall to may. Member Wagstaff stated if you change shall to may what is the point of codifying it. Why not offer it without codifying it. The Planning Director reminded them that if is not codefied, it is not offered. This amendment expedities the development review process in a single setting. Without it, the development process will remain as is, with applicant bouncing around different departments. Member George stated what cost would you anticipate to be associated and what do you anticipate the dollar value to be. The Planning Director stated it would not cost applicants anything as this improves staff and multi-department work efficiency. Staff could look into a fee schedule for this if the Planning Board makes that part of their recommendation. Member Lester stated that it was her belief that the trc was a intertnal committee that would come in with applicant and discuss openly there concerns and what they need to do, versus now they go to each individual department. The Planning Director stated yes. Member Lynch stated are there extra costs associated with the meeting. Member Lynch stated that if it does then the board would have to look at that. Member Lynch stated she would hope that it would be a more efficient process. Planning Director reminded them the current amendment does not recommend any fees to the applicant. Member George stated why would we charge the applicant for a more efficient process. The Planning Director stated that staff would need Planning Board’s recommendation to approve this process so it can be codefied. The fee would be a separate research should you recommend a fee. Member George stated is there anything disallowing applicants to meet with multiple departments currently. Planning Director reminded them that applicants are welcomed to continue the longer process of bouncing around different departments if they chose to for administrative by-right processes. This process would not stop them from doing that, we are simply trying to help both applicant and staff better manage their limited resources through this efficient process. Member Lester stated it would also help with the he said she said. Member George stated has there been any public comments on any items. The Planning Director reminded them that this has been publicly discussed since November and no comments have been received. We conducted workshops with all departments earning their support along with few pilot projects earning support of developers like schools, Duke, and potential benefit to others. Calvin Clayton, 45 Abbitt St. Roxboro NC. Stated that he was the oldest developed builder in Person County for 42 years and I am also here representing the home builder association in approval to this action. I have bounced around in those offices myself day after day after day and when you get approval from one you do not the other. When one gets your information the other does not. I have made 9 different trips for one application. Weather it is mandated or not and I had to pay this comes from the homebuilders association and other builders in this county for all the departments to hear my information at one time. So be it pass the fee and we are ready to pay it. Member Lynch and Member George stated that it answered there question. Member Lynch asked when a application comes in do they all go through this process or some do and some do not. The Planning Director stated we will create a agenda on which application may need to have a trc, the ones the applicants want a trc and present them and compile comments. Staff would do more meeting as necessary. Member Lester stated is the DRC and TRC the same thing. The Planning Director stated that the Planning Board would need to pick a name. Member George stated looking at the yearly graph it looks like business permits have been decreasing since 2023. Staff Brandon stated that it has been a uptick this year. Planning Director added that staff has helped applicant submit accurate information in their applications, as presented with Misc being updated to actual commercial. Member George stated that on page 7 applicability to give clarity to who it is we could change shall to a may and add or that requestes such a review. Which would address concerns of forcing a review, and also people who would want to request a review. The Planning Director stated that all the applications, reminding them of the list previously shown, and their was no intent to list all of them in the text amendment. Member George stated to strike number 5 the followup because that will keep from having a delay. Member Wagstaff stated it should be service offered to anyone but to write it in the ordinance is unnecessary. Member Lynch stated somewhere there needs to be a procedure. Planning Director reminded them if it not codefied, it is not done. Current pilot projects are evidence of its success. Member Mcfarland stated that in his experience this process is valuable to support this idea that this is what is currently done in the construction field. Member James stated that it offers staff flexibility to say who it is applicable too and not based on how it is written. Member James stated her support for how it was written and the efficeincy of the process. Member Mcfarland stated his support and stated that it stops people from answer shopping. Member Lester stated that it adds that ethical standard and there cannot be any private negotiations what is addressed in the meeting. The Planning Director stated that if the text admendment is not codified, we are not offering it freely because it is not requires and creates additional work that is not required. Mcfarland stated you will have good and bad contractors and making them go through this project will place them in the right path and take accountability upfront. Member Tanks stated it takes a lot of contractor time and staff time with bounceing back and forth. Member Tanks stated we need to trust staff and it will be helpful to the economic growth of the county. Member George stated that she would prefer the need to change it to allow contractors to request such a process. Member George stated it is not one of the examples given and as it is written those would not be volunteered for due to extra effort being required. Member George stated to add or that request such a review. Planning Director reminded them of the successful pilot projects, the two workshops with all departments supporting the improved process, and no additional efforts were created through this expedited and efficient development review process. Member Lynch stated are we also changing shall to may. Member George stated that support of changing shall to may. Member Lynch stated it’s a shall but in the judgement of the planning Director and stated the board should discuss it. Member James and Mcfarland stated to leave it as shall. Member Lynch made a motion. Member James seconded a vote was made and it passed 5:1. Member Wagstaff stated he was opposed due to the process not needing to be codified and staff should offer it regardless. Public Hearing Petition TA 3-26 – Planning Ordinance - Special Use Permit Standards The Planning Director represented the presentation for the item. Member George stated on page three, attachment 1, paragraph 3 it mentions properties in watershed areas shall be stringent to more stringent performance standards is this in addition to the existing regulations or just the existing regulations. The Planning Director reminded them of Falls Rules, stated it is just the existing rules and rules that the watershed ordinance requires. Member Lynch stated section 155 was it added for legal reason. The Planning Director stated they are in section 160D and they were added to bring it in line with 160D. Member George stated where the language came from from on page 6 for environmental protection. The Planning Director stated it either came from the comprehensive plan or the environmental protection regulation found in the EPA. The Director stated he would add the citation when it came before the Board of Commissioners, along with other citations as necessary. Member George stated that anything habitat could be disturbed by any activity. Planning Director reminded them that habitates are state and federally regulated, they can be regulated locally through wildlife planning. Member George stated it does not specify endangered species and it does not look to limit it in anyway. Planning Director stated he would add state or federal definition of wildlife habitat into the text amendment. Member George stated that it could have a adverse impact if it were to include any habitat such as a ant hill. Planning Director will update the staff and supplemental report to address local, state and federal practices on wildlife habitat protection. Member George stated that traffic is also too broad of a term and could be adverse. Member Wagstaff stated that the term is so broad it could go in as a supplement instead of a regulation. The Planning Director reminded them that all development generates increased traffic, traffic is scientifically regulated by NCDOT, ASHTO, and others, and reminded them that most ordinances incoroprate a separate traffic impact analysis requirements but our ordinance currently does not, and this is one way of address the impact development has on local traffic. Member Wagstaff stated the commissioners or whoever requested it should be aware that these items can be required but writing it in the ordinance seems unnecessary. Planning Director reminded them that by codifying it, it helps Board of Commissioners with their decisions, making it legally defensable. Staff and Supplemental report will be updated to address this as well. Member Lynch stated that this would apply to special use permits and the board may want to be careful with it considering it is different than what usually comes through to the Planning Board and may have special concerns with the special use request. Planning Director reminded them Special Use Permits do not go before Planning Board, they go to Board of Commissioners. Member Wagstaff stated these tools are already at there disposal. The Planning Director reminded them that right now there is no legal bases for such request as it does not hold the same weight without writing it in the ordinance. Additionally, stated by codifying it gives the Commsioners the leverage to request it, without it, it would only be a personal opinion based request, not a legal one. Member George stated as it is written in 155-4 it states that it is a finding of fact required for approval. The Planning Director reminded them that Findings of Facts only applies to quasi-judicial actions, at the Board of Adjustments, not Planning Board. Member George stated that it would bind them instead of giving them. Member Lynch stated that it is binding the Commsioners to find that fact to approve that development. Planning Director clarified these standards simply give Commissioners the legal means to request such issues be incorporated into any Finding of Fact. Staff Brandon stated are you asking if it can be waived if they choose too. Planning Director added that all conditions must be mutually agreed upon by applicant and decision board. Member George stated somewhat because it is being required of the Commsioners to approve the project. Planning Director reminded them this is not requiring Commissioners anything, only giving them legally defensible authority to make certain requests of the applicants. Member George stated that the terms used are too broad and somethings habitat is going to be disturbed. Planning Director reminded them this would be addressed with state and federal definitions on habitat. Staff Brandon stated it also takes out the liability that they are picking and choosing who to place requirements on and who not. Member Lynch stated that it does state significant that does limit traffic. Member Lynch stated that agreed that environmental habitat disturbance was too broad. The Planning Director stated he would provide a citation and clarification on what legally represents a habitat and traffic. Member Lynch stated that significant could potentially cover it. Member George stated it also lists categories and it can be misinterpreted as anything in this category is significant. The Planning Director stated there is a legal state and federal definition of what is regulatory considering habitatas and that he would provide a definition and would check with the County Parks and Recreation Department on any of their regulations for the updated staff and supplemental reports. Member Lynch asked if the Planning Director could make a suggestion to tightening the habitat and not making it so open. The Direcgtor stated that he would include a legal definition and regulations that regulate habitats. Member Lynch stated habitat as defined by the various state or local agencies. Member George stated to be certain she did not want to wait for the definition. The Planner stated that the board could continue this item to the next meeting. Member George stated not according to NCGS. Member George stated that the ordinance states after 30 days our recommendations should go to the Commsioners. The Planning Director reminded them how Board of Commissioners conduct public hearings, opening them and continuing them to a date certain. Member Wagstaff agreed with Member George. Member Lynch stated the commsioners could define it better than the Planning Board. The Planning Director stated he would include the citation and definitions when it went to the Commsioners. Member George stated that another option would be to change it to endangered species. Member Wagstaff stated that those usually have state and federal laws. Staff Brandon stated would you want to add federal to what lynch stated to add. Member George agreed and suggested to add endangered or vulnerable species. Member Lynch made a motion. Member Lester seconded. A vote was made and passed 4:2. Member Wagstaff stated some items presented did not need to be codified. Member Tanks stated she was in support of the original amendments and adding the citations for the legal definition. HEARING ON CASES, IN THE ORDER THEY WERE RECEIVED ADJOURNMENT Member Mcfarland motioned to adjourn and Member Wagstaff seconded. The Board voted and it passed 6:0. The meeting adjourned at 9:07 P.M. ___________________________________ Chair or Vice Chair ___________________________________ Recording Secretary, Michie Brandon Planning Technician, Person County Planning and Zoning PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Item: Petition TA 5-26 – Subdivision Regulations – Exempt Subdivisions I. Background On February 23, 2026, Planning staff meet with County Commissioner and a local developer to discuss various potential residential subdivisions and their relationship to the County’s private road standards, seeking to better understand how people would be able to access and egress exempt subdivisions or not. While the issue of minor, family and major subdivision access was addressed through Text Amendment 08-25, approved by Board of Commissioners November 18, 2025, it did not address the access and egress of exempt subdivisions. Person County’s Exempt subdivisions are governed by Session Law 1987 that listed the following 9 criteria for an exempt subdivision, paraphrased below: • Recombining recorded lots with no increase in lot count and all resulting lots meeting county standards. • Divisions creating parcels over 10 acres with no street dedication. • Public acquisition of land for street widening or opening. • Division of ≤2-acre tract into ≤3 lots, with no street dedication and all lots meeting county standards. • Divisions for gravesites. • Divisions created by judicial partition or sale. • Re-surveys of existing lots. • Plats showing lots pledged as loan collateral from a larger tract under same ownership. • Combining land with adjacent recorded lots. Person County is granted four additional exempt subdivisions beyond the five identified in North Carolina General Statute 160D, this includes graveyards, judicial (court ordered) partition or sale, loan collateral, and re-survey. The text amendment presented updates the county’s Exempt Subdivision regulations in accordance with state enabling legislation and addresses access and egress to and from them. III. Summary of Proposed Amendments This amendment revises Article XIV – Subdivision Regulations, Section 141 (Subdivision Types, Excluded or Exempt Plats) to ensure consistency with the provisions of Session Law 1987 applicable to Person County and the current statutory framework under N.C.G.S. Chapter 160D. The update clarifies and modernizes the categories of exempt and excluded subdivisions to reflect controlling state law and improve regulatory alignment. Additionally, the amendment explicitly removes the applicability of the County’s Minimum Construction Standards for Private Road to exempt subdivisions, recognizing that such divisions of land are not subject to the full scope of subdivision review and infrastructure requirements. The amendment further establishes that access and egress for exempt plats or subdivisions will not be subject to prescriptive standards but instead will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. This review will occur through interdepartmental coordination, as appropriate, to address site-specific conditions, public safety considerations, and operational impacts. See Attachment 1 for the proposed draft language, with the added provision “Such certified plats will be exempt from the Person County Private Road Standards.” IV. Staff Analysis and Recommendation These updates advance the County’s objective of maintaining a clear, consistent, and modern planning framework by ensuring that regulations remain compliant, understandable, and aligned with sound and sustainable development practices. V. Comprehensive Plan Consistency Person County Planning Ordinance, as well as NCGS §160D-604 & § 160D-605, requires zoning maps and ordinance amendments to be consistent with the adopted Compressive Plan. A statement reflecting the consistency must accompany the Planning Board recommendation. A general statement of plan consistency and a desire for clear regulations can be used as adequate support, if a specific language from the Comprehensive plan cannot be found. VI. Action Initial Discussion VI. Submitted by Nishith Trivedi, Planning Director SECTION 141 – SUBDIVISION TYPES (Amended: 5-3-99, 11-18-25) Excluded or Exempt Plats Surveys meeting the requirements of GS 47-30(f)11.c do not require a signature from the Planning and Zoning Administrator or the review officer and may be directly submitted to the Register of Deeds for recordation. The following events shall be excluded from the provisions of this article: a) The combination or recombination of portions of previously subdivided and recorded lots if the total number of lots is not increased and the resultant lots are equal to or exceed the standards of the county as shown in its subdivision regulations. b) The division of land into parcels greater than ten (10) acres if no street right-of-way dedication is involved. c) The public acquisition by purchase of strips of land for the widening or opening of streets. d) The division of a tract in single ownership, the entire area of which is no greater than two acres into not more than three lots, if no street right-of-way dedication is involved and the resultant lots are equal to or exceed the standards of the county as prescribed herein. e) The division of land for use as gravesites. f) A division of land which has been created by a judicial partition and/or sale. g) Any plat presented for recordation on which a lot is shown and pledged as collateral for loan proceeds and where the property depicted by the plat is a portion of a larger tract of property owned by the same entity. h) A combination of lands which adds land to previously subdivided and recorded lots which are contiguous to the addition. Plats depicting the divisions listed above may be recorded provided the owner desiring to record such plats shall obtain a Certificate of Exception from the Planning and Zoning Administrator and shall present such certificate to the recorder as proof the exception condition is present. Such certified plats will be exempt from the Person County Private Road Standards. The required certificate shall read as follows: Certificate of Exception. I certify that said property qualifies as an exception to the provisions of the Person County Subdivision Regulations under Section 141 16-1. ____________________________________________ ____________ Planning and Zoning Administrator Date Person County, NC PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Item: Petition TA 6-26 – Private Road Standard Update I. Background Person County adopted its Minimum Construction Standards for Private Roads on March 9, 1987, pursuant to N.C. General Statute Chapter 136 and the applicable planning enabling legislation in effect at that time. These standards established a framework for regulating private road construction associated with property development. Since adoption, road design, construction and regulations associated with them have evolved. In 2026, the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) started requiring local government review and approval of driveway permit applications submitted by private property owners. Concurrently, NCDOT and local emergency management agencies have updated operational and design requirements related to roadway access, emergency response, and vehicle maneuverability. These changes, combined with the recodification of local planning authority under Chapter 160D and 136, necessitate a comprehensive update to the County’s private road standards. The revised standards will align with current statutory authority, reflect updated state and emergency service requirements, and incorporate contemporary best practices for safe and reliable access for all users and service providers. III. Summary of Proposed Amendments In response to significant advancements in roadway design, construction practices, and regulatory requirements over the past four decades, staff has conducted a comprehensive review of current state and industry standards. This review included key guidance from the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT), such as the Policy on Street and Driveway Access to North Carolina Highways (2003), Subdivision Roads Minimum Construction Standards (2020), and the Roadway Design Manual (2023), as well as nationally recognized best practices published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). Based on this analysis, staff has prepared a complete rewrite of the Person County Minimum Construction Standards for Private Roads to ensure alignment with current statutory authority, engineering practices, and access/egress requirements. The proposed standards are included as Attachment 1, accompanied by a detailed Staff Report. IV. Staff Analysis and Recommendation These updates advance the County’s objective of maintaining a clear, consistent, and modern planning framework by ensuring that regulations remain compliant, understandable, and aligned with sound and sustainable development practices. Updating the private road regulations to current standards will clarify and help streamline the development review process. V. Comprehensive Plan Consistency Person County Planning Ordinance, as well as NCGS §160D-604 & § 160D-605, requires zoning map and ordinance amendments be consistent with the adopted Compressive Plan. A statement reflecting the consistency must accompany the Planning Board recommendation. A general statement of plan consistency and a desire for clear regulations can be used as adequate support, if a specific language from the Comprehensive plan cannot be found. VI. Action Initial Discussion VI. Submitted by Nishith Trivedi, Planning Director 1. AUTHORITY AND PURPOSE A. Authority These standards are adopted pursuant to N.C.G.S. § 160D-804 and § 136-102 for the regulation of streets, property access, and egress. B. Purpose The purpose of this Section is to: 1. Ensure safe and reliable access for residents, emergency services, and other public service providers; 2. Establish minimum design and construction standards for private roads; 3. Protect public health, safety, and welfare; 4. Provide for long-term maintenance of private infrastructure by private entities; and 5. Allow rural development patterns without requiring public street construction or use of public funds where appropriate. 2. APPLICABILITY A. These standards apply to: • All properties utilizing private access and egress; • Single and multi-lot developments served by private roads; • Mobile home parks, residential and non-residential uses; • Any partition of land requiring vehicular access not provided by a public street. B. Private road standards shall be used especially near public streets where: • Connectivity is necessary; • NCDOT Driveway Permit is required 3. PRIVATE ROAD CLASSIFICATION A. Public Street B. Major and Minor Private Road C. Exclusive Access Easement MINOR SUBDIVISION STREET/ACCESS STANDARDS FIVE (5) LOTS OR LESS 1 Street/Access Options Minimum Right-of- Way or Easement Width (S) Minimum Street Width (D) Length Street/Access Construction Standard Street Maintenance Responsibility Other Requirements Public Street 60 ft. 14 ft. One-Way 24 ft. Two- Way Max. 800 ft. / 1600 ft. (WCA)5 Must Meet or Exceed NCDOT Subdivision Streets Minimum Construction Standards HOA Certification of Street Construction to NCDOT Subdivision Streets Minimum Construction Standards Major and Minor Private Road Major – 50 ft. Minor - 40 ft. Major - 20 ft. Two-Way Minor - 14 ft. One-Way Max. 800 ft. / 1600 ft. (WCA) 6” ABC Stone and Meet NCDOT Subdivision Streets Minimum Construction Standards POA Private Street Disclosure Certification Statement (G.S. § 136- 102.6) Must Have Direct Access to a Public Street Exclusive Access Easement (Public & Private Streets; Exclusive Access Easement must be Recorded) 25 ft. N/A Allowable if more than 300 ft. from Public Street Minimum separation between centerline of easement of any other platted right- of-way shall be one hundred twenty-five (125) ft. N/A Property Owner(s) Only One Lot a Minimum of Three (3) Acres in Size One Single- Family Dwelling & One Accessory Dwelling Unit. Uninhabited accessory structure(s) also allowed Accessory, Uses, Buildings, and Structures. 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS A. All private roads and access easements shall: 1. Connect to a publicly maintained street; 2. Be located within a recorded easement with right-of-way labled; 3. Be constructed prior to final plat approval or secured by performance guarantee; 4. Be maintained by a Property Owners’ Association (POA) or recorded maintenance agreement. B. Private roads and access easements are not eligible for public maintenance unless upgraded to NCDOT standards and dedicated to NCDOT. C. Reserve strips prohibiting access are prohibited, to ensure access for emergency and other public service vehicles. 5. DESIGN STANDARDS A. Right-of-Way / Easement Width • Minimum: 40 feet for Roads, 25 feet for easement • May be increased based on type, topography, drainage, or number of lots B. Travelway Width Road Type Minimum Width Minor Private Road 14 ft (one-way) / 18 ft (two-way) Major Private Road 20 ft minimum Easement 12 ft • Additional width may be required for roads exceeding 1,000 feet or serving >1 lot. C. Vertical Clearance • Minimum: 13 feet 6 inches D. Grade • Minimum: 0.5% • Maximum: 12% • Up to 15% allowed with Planning Director approval and Fire Marshal concurrence E. Alignment • Horizontal and vertical alignment shall conform to safe engineering practices • Curves shall accommodate emergency vehicle turning movements • Horizontal curves shall have a minimum centerline radius of 150 feet. Right-of-way width shall be sufficient to accommodate the required roadway width, shoulders, drainage, and slopes through all curves. • Minimum sight distance for a stop-controlled intersection connecting a new local or collector residential road to a state-maintained road shall be measured as follows: 70 feet along the existing road right-of-way and 10 feet along the new road right-of-way. F. Drainage Storm drainage systems shall be designed to adequately convey runoff without causing flooding on adjacent properties or requiring excessive maintenance. Where necessary, permanent drainage easements shall be provided. Minimum design standards shall include: 1. Storm sewer systems designed for a 10-year storm event; 2. Cross-drainage systems designed for a 25-year storm event. Higher design standards may be required at the discretion of the Planning and Zoning Administrator or designee. Where vegetation cannot be effectively established or maintained due to slope or flow conditions, stabilized measures such as pavement or riprap shall be required. Road crossings within designated flood hazard areas shall comply with applicable local floodplain regulations and be approved by the appropriate governing authority. G. Vegetation All disturbed areas resulting from road construction, including shoulders, slopes, ditches, and borrow areas, shall be stabilized to prevent erosion using permanent vegetation or other approved methods. Stabilization shall occur promptly following grading and prior to final inspection. Seedbed preparation, seeding, fertilization, liming, and mulching shall be performed in accordance with accepted erosion control practices sufficient to establish and maintain ground cover. The following may be used: • 1 .4 lbs. Fescue grass seed • 0.4 lbs. German or Browntop millet to provide temporary cover until the grass becomes established (0.4 lbs . of rye during winter months) • 90 lbs . lime • 23 lbs. 10 -10-10 Fertilizer • 2 40 lb . Bales of straw for mulch (use enough to cover 75% of the ground) 6. STRUCTURAL SECTION A. Minimum Construction All private roads and access easements shall include: • Compacted subgrade • Minimum 6-inch ABC stone base • Surface treatment (gravel, asphalt, or equivalent) B. Engineering Standards Construction shall meet or exceed: • NCDOT Subdivision Roads Minimum Construction Standards, revised 2020; or • An engineered design certified by a NC Professional Engineer 7. DRAINAGE A. Private Roads and access easements shall be designed to prevent erosion and ensure possibility for emergency and other public services. B. Minimum standards: • Cross-drain culverts: 25-year storm • Ditches or storm systems required as necessary • Positive drainage required for all road surfaces C. FEMA floodplain crossings require hydraulic analysis. 8. ACCESS AND CONNECTIVITY A. Public Street Connection All private roads and access easements shall connect to a public street right-of-way. B. Connectivity 1. Stub streets shall be required where adjacent property is developable. 2. Waivers may be granted for: o Environmental constraints o Topographic limitations C. Secondary Access Required when: • More than 10 dwelling units; OR • Road length exceeds 2,500 feet Exceptions may be granted by Fire Marshal where sprinklers or other mitigation are provided. 9. TURNAROUNDS AND DEAD-END ROADS A. Dead-end roads exceeding 150 feet shall provide a turnaround. B. Acceptable designs: • Cul-de-sac (minimum 90-foot diameter); or • Hammerhead or approved alternative meeting Fire Code C. All designs shall comply with NC Fire Code Appendix D. 10. FIRE, EMERGENCY, AND POLICE ACCESS A. Roads shall support fire, emergency service and police apparatus loading. B. Minimum requirements: • 20-foot unobstructed width (for major roads) • Turning radii per Fire Code • Maximum grade subject to Fire Marshal approval C. Fire hydrant spacing (where public water exists): • Within 500 feet of structures 11. SIGHT DISTANCE Sight distance at intersections shall meet: • NCDOT driveway permit standards; or • AASHTO stopping sight distance criteria Fixed minimum distances are not permitted. 12. MAINTENANCE A. Required Agreement A recorded maintenance agreement shall: 1. Assign responsibility to all lot owners; 2. Establish cost-sharing provisions; 3. Grant access for public and emergency services. B. Property Owners’ Association (POA) Required for: • Roads serving 5 or more lots POA shall: • Own and maintain the road; • Levy assessments; • Maintain liability insurance C. County Disclaimer The County shall not be responsible for maintenance of private roads. 13. PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE A. Required where roads are not complete prior to plat approval. B. Amount: • 125% of estimated construction cost C. Forms: • Letter of Credit • Bond • Cash equivalent 14. CERTIFICATION AND INSPECTION A. Prior to final plat approval, following must be included: “This road is a private road and is not maintained by Person County or the State of North Carolina. Maintenance is the responsibility of the property owners.” B. County may inspect but does not assume liability for construction quality. 15. WAIVERS The Planning Director may approve deviations where: • Equivalent or superior safety is demonstrated; • Site constraints justify modification; • Fire Marshal concurrence is obtained (where applicable). PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Public Notice Update Staff Report I. Purpose This initiative is intended to conduct a comprehensive technical and policy evaluation of Person County’s Minimum Construction Standards for Private Roads, adopted by the Board of Commissioners on March 9, 1987. The review will determine whether the existing provisions remain adequate, enforceable, and aligned with current statutory authority, accepted engineering practice, emergency service requirements, and prevailing subdivision development patterns. The County’s authority to permit private streets derives from N.C. General Statutes §§ 136 and 160D, which allow local governments to approve private roads within subdivisions while assigning responsibility for their construction and ongoing maintenance to the developer or property owners’ association. Comparable regulatory frameworks are in place across numerous North Carolina jurisdictions—including Ashe, Guilford, Harnett, Henderson, New Hanover, Vance, Warren, Buncombe, Chatham, Columbus, Durham, and Wake counties— demonstrating that the allowance of private road infrastructure subject to minimum public safety standards is an established statewide practice. • Authority. These standards are adopted pursuant to N.C.G.S. §§ 136 and 160D and related subdivision regulatory authority granted to counties for the protection of public health, safety, and welfare. • Objective. Update minimum design, construction, access, and maintenance requirements for private roads serving subdivisions and mobile home parks to ensure safe and reliable access for residents, emergency services, and service providers, while assigning long-term maintenance responsibility to private parties. Given the age of the current standards and substantial advancements in roadway engineering, stormwater management, subdivision design, and fire apparatus specifications since 1987, a structured reassessment is warranted. The review will evaluate whether the ordinance sufficiently addresses pavement design, subgrade preparation, drainage performance, roadway geometry, sight distance, grade limitations, emergency vehicle maneuverability, inspection protocols, and long-term maintenance provisions. Irrespective of prior administrative practices, the County maintains a continuing responsibility to ensure that development regulations provide safe and dependable access for residents, service providers, and emergency responders. Substandard private road construction can compromise life safety, impair emergency response, and create long-term infrastructure deficiencies that may generate requests for public intervention or costly corrective measures. The objective of this initiative is to establish updated, clearly articulated, and enforceable standards that protect the public interest while preserving reasonable flexibility for private development. The anticipated outcome is a modernized set of standards that are technically sound, internally consistent, and defensible, ensuring that private roads constructed in Person County provide reliable, durable access consistent with contemporary engineering and public safety expectations. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Main Issue Person County’s Minimum Construction Standards for Private Roads have not been comprehensively revised since 1987 and no longer reflect current transportation engineering methodologies, statutory updates, or modern emergency access requirements. Over the past four decades, industry standards governing roadway design, pavement systems, drainage infrastructure, and subdivision layout have advanced considerably. The absence of periodic updates increases the likelihood of inconsistent interpretation, regulatory uncertainty, and potential exposure to public safety risk. A systematic modernization effort is necessary to align the County’s requirements with current technical guidance and operational standards. • State and Professional Standards Alignment: • The North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) routinely updates its roadway design manuals, subdivision street criteria, and construction specifications. • The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) publishes nationally recognized guidance for geometric design, structural pavement design, and roadway safety. • Referencing current state and national standards enhances technical credibility and regulatory defensibility. • Residential and Emergency Access Requirements: • Contemporary fire apparatus dimensions and operational needs necessitate updated turning radii, roadway width, grade, and clearance standards. • Structural capacity and surface integrity must support emergency vehicle loads under varied weather conditions. • Clearly defined access criteria mitigate the risk of delayed response and associated life-safety concerns. • Statutory Authority and Administrative Framework: • N.C.G.S. §§ 136 and 160D provide the legal basis for permitting private streets while assigning maintenance responsibility to private parties. • The ordinance shall delineate approval procedures, inspection authority, certification requirements, and maintenance documentation standards. • Clear procedural structure reduces discretionary interpretation and strengthens enforcement consistency. • Administrative Efficiency: • Outdated provisions often necessitate ad hoc determinations during plan review, increasing processing time and variability in outcomes. • Clarified and modernized standards improve predictability for applicants and streamline staff review. • Risk Management and Fiscal Exposure: • Inadequately constructed private roads can deteriorate prematurely, creating pressure for public acceptance or remedial action. • Clearly articulated minimum standards reduce the County’s exposure to claims arising from unsafe or inconsistently regulated access. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 • Infrastructure Durability and Lifecycle Performance: • Updated specifications for base course preparation, pavement thickness, compaction standards, and drainage design promote long-term structural performance. • Explicit maintenance responsibility provisions help prevent deferred maintenance and related disputes. • Regional Consistency: • Numerous North Carolina counties have revised their private street standards to reflect current engineering and development practices. • Harmonizing Person County’s requirements with peer jurisdictions supports regional consistency and professional alignment. Collectively, these factors substantiate the need for a comprehensive technical and policy update to ensure that private roads within Person County are constructed to standards that are safe, durable, and consistent with contemporary planning and engineering practice. II. BACKGROUND Person County’s development pattern is predominantly rural, characterized by low- to moderate-density residential subdivisions, large-lot development, agricultural land divisions, and extended private access drives connecting to the state-maintained roadway network. Within this context, private roads frequently serve as the sole means of ingress and egress for multiple dwelling units and, in many cases, extend significant distances from publicly maintained thoroughfares. This rural development form elevates the importance of clearly defined construction and access standards. Subdivision regulations serve not only to guide lot configuration and infrastructure placement but also to ensure that safe and reliable access is provided to each parcel created through the land division process. In rural settings, where alternative routes are often limited and roadway networks are less interconnected, the design of private roads directly affects emergency response times, evacuation capability, and long-term service delivery. Inadequate roadway width, excessive grades, insufficient turnaround facilities, or structural deficiencies can materially impair fire, EMS, and law enforcement access. Access and egress considerations are particularly critical in subdivisions relying on a single point of connection to an NCDOT-maintained roadway. The adequacy of that connection—including sight distance, driveway throat length, pavement transitions, and drainage tie-ins—must be evaluated to ensure safe vehicular movement between the private system and the public network. Poorly designed connections can introduce safety conflicts on state-maintained roads and create long-term maintenance or enforcement issues. Stub-outs and future connectivity are additional considerations in rural subdivision design. While immediate interconnectivity may not always be feasible, subdivision regulations typically require reservation or construction of stub streets to adjoining undeveloped properties to prevent landlocking, promote future network efficiency, and reduce overreliance on single-access roadways. Without clear standards governing stub-out construction, temporary turnarounds, and right-of-way reservation, rural subdivisions may develop in a manner that precludes logical extension of the roadway network over time. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Emergency vehicle circulation is also a key operational factor. Modern fire apparatus require sufficient turning radii, load-bearing capacity, vertical clearance, and grade limitations to operate safely. Long dead-end private roads common in rural subdivisions necessitate properly designed cul-de-sacs, hammerheads, or alternative turnaround configurations that accommodate current apparatus specifications. In addition, roadway width must support two-way traffic or provide designated pull-off areas where constrained cross-sections are permitted. Drainage design must ensure passability during significant rainfall events, particularly where private roads traverse low-lying areas or rely on culverts for stream crossings. Because private roads are not maintained by NCDOT, long-term structural integrity and maintenance responsibility remain with private parties. In rural contexts, where property owners’ associations may be limited in administrative capacity, the initial construction quality of the roadway becomes especially consequential. Substandard base preparation, insufficient pavement thickness, or inadequate stormwater controls can accelerate deterioration, reduce emergency access reliability, and generate disputes among property owners. Peer jurisdictions across North Carolina with similar development patterns—including Vance County, Guilford County, and New Hanover County—have adopted and periodically updated private road or private street standards to address these issues. These ordinances generally incorporate current NCDOT construction criteria, fire code access requirements, and clear maintenance and certification provisions, reflecting an established statewide approach to managing private access infrastructure within subdivision regulations. Their regulations are included in the appendix. Accordingly, the rural character of Person County reinforces the need for updated, technically sound private road standards that address subdivision layout, connectivity, access to state-maintained roads, and emergency circulation requirements. Ensuring that private road infrastructure is designed and constructed to contemporary standards is essential to protecting public safety, supporting orderly rural growth, and reducing long-term fiscal and operational risk to the County. III. PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS Staff have conducted an initial technical review of the Minimum Construction Standards for Private Roads (Adopted March 9, 1987) to evaluate structural adequacy, regulatory clarity, and alignment with current engineering and statutory frameworks. The following observations are provided for policy discussion and further refinement. 1. Structural Design and Travel way Dimensions The ordinance establishes two classifications of private roads: Class “A” (serving six or more lots) and Class “B” (serving one to five lots). As illustrated on pages 8 and 9, Class “A” roads require an 18-foot travel way within a 50-foot right-of-way, while Class “B” roads require a 10-foot travel way within the same right-of-way width. While the 50-foot right-of-way provides reasonable long-term flexibility, the 10-foot travel way standard for Class “B” roads is notably narrow by contemporary rural subdivision standards, particularly where emergency vehicle access is required. Current fire apparatus specifications generally necessitate greater unobstructed width and turning accommodation. Additionally, the ordinance allows two-way traffic to be achieved through widened passing areas rather than continuous two-lane width, which may be operationally insufficient on longer rural dead-end roads. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Risk Identified: A 10-foot travel way is insufficient for modern fire apparatus and two-way emergency access on rural dead-end roads. For rural safety alignment: • Minimum unobstructed travel way: o 18’ minimum for all roads serving more than 2 dwelling units o 20’ where length exceeds 1,000 feet • Passing areas only permitted for short segments under defined thresholds • Minimum vertical clearance: 13’6” Update: Consider evaluating minimum unobstructed width requirements in consultation with the Fire Marshal and EMS to ensure compliance with modern apparatus specifications and ISO rating considerations. 2. Surface and Base Specifications The standards require a 4-inch compacted surface of aggregate base course (ABC) material. No reference is made to subgrade preparation standards, compaction testing, geotechnical evaluation, or minimum structural section design beyond general compaction language. The County explicitly disclaims responsibility for quality control inspections related to compaction or materials testing. In contemporary practice, roadway performance in rural contexts is highly dependent on subgrade stability and drainage. Without defined compaction standards (e.g., percentage of maximum dry density), inspection protocols, or engineering certification requirements, long-term durability may vary significantly. Update: Consider incorporating reference to NCDOT Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures for aggregate base installation, compaction testing, and subgrade stabilization where warranted. 3. Grade, Curvature, and Geometry The ordinance limits grade to between 0.5% and 12% and requires a minimum centerline curve radius of 150 feet. While these parameters were reasonable at the time of adoption, contemporary emergency access standards may warrant evaluation of maximum sustained grades on longer rural segments, particularly where unpaved surfaces are permitted. The minimum intersection angle of 75 degrees remains generally consistent with accepted safety principles; however, the stated minimum sight distance of 70 feet along the existing road right-of-way appears limited when compared to current AASHTO stopping sight distance criteria for typical operating speeds on state- maintained rural roads. Update: Intersection sight distance requirements shall be cross-referenced with current NCDOT driveway permit standards to ensure consistency. 4. Drainage and Floodplain Provisions The ordinance establishes minimum design frequencies of 10-year storm for storm sewer collectors and 25-year storm for cross drainage. It also references flood hazard area compliance under the Federal Flood Insurance Program. Modern stormwater practice often incorporates higher design storms for roadway crossings in rural settings, particularly where failure could isolate multiple residences. Additionally, the ordinance does not address culvert sizing methodology, erosion control during construction, or downstream impact considerations. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Include: • Minimum 25-year storm for all culvert crossings • 50-year storm for roads serving more than 10 dwelling units • Hydraulic analysis required for crossings in FEMA flood zones • Erosion control plan compliance with state law Update: Evaluate consistency with current County stormwater ordinances and state erosion and sedimentation control requirements. 5. Turnarounds, Dead-End Roads, and Sight Triangles Cul-de-sacs require a minimum 70-foot diameter, and a “T” turnaround configuration is permitted subject to Planning Board approval. Given the rural context of long private dead-end roads, turnaround adequacy is critical for emergency vehicle maneuverability. The illustrated “T” configuration (page 5) reflects dimensional standards that may not accommodate modern ladder trucks or large rescue apparatus. Risk Identification: The 70 feet sight distance is significantly below modern AASHTO stopping sight distance for rural road speeds. Replace this with sight distance at intersections with state-maintained roads shall meet or exceed current NCDOT driveway permit and AASHTO stopping sight distance criteria based on posted or prevailing speeds. Include: • 90’ minimum diameter cul-de-sac • Turnaround design approved by Fire Marshal using current turning templates Update: Field verification with current vehicle turning templates is recommended to confirm adequacy. 6. Inspection and Enforcement Framework The ordinance requires inspection during construction but limits the scope of review to dimensional compliance, stone surface, vegetation stabilization, and signage. The County expressly does not assume responsibility for compaction or materials quality control. While this approach reduces administrative burden, it may increase variability in construction outcomes. Contemporary subdivision ordinances often require engineer certification or as-built documentation prior to plat recordation. Prior to final plat recordation or release of financial security, the applicant shall submit certification by a North Carolina licensed professional engineer stating that the private road was constructed in accordance with approved plans and these standards. Also incorporate: • Minimum 95% Standard Proctor compaction • Subgrade stabilization requirements where soils are unsuitable • Reference to current NCDOT Standard Specifications for Roads and Structures PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Update: Consider whether professional engineer certification of construction compliance shall be required prior to final plat approval or release of security instruments. 7. Maintenance Provisions The ordinance requires a Road Maintenance Agreement for subdivisions and assigns maintenance responsibility to property owners or park operators. However, the document does not define minimum maintenance standards, enforcement mechanisms, or procedures in cases of agreement noncompliance. In rural areas, deterioration of private roads can impair emergency access and create public safety concerns without a clear enforcement pathway. Current document requires Road Maintenance Agreement but does not define enforcement authority. Include: • Maintenance agreement recorded with deed • Minimum maintenance performance standards • Authority for County to issue notice of violation if road becomes unsafe • Clarification that County may require corrective action where life-safety hazard exists Update: Clarify enforcement authority and minimum maintenance expectations to mitigate long-term risk. 8. Access to NCDOT-Maintained Roads The ordinance requires a driveway permit from NCDOT for access to state-maintained roads and provides geometric flare details (pages 8–9). While this coordination remains appropriate, current NCDOT policies governing subdivision street connections, traffic impact thresholds, and access spacing may be more stringent than reflected in the 1987 standards. Update: Cross-reference updated NCDOT driveway and subdivision connection policies to ensure procedural alignment. The 1987 standards established a foundational framework for private road construction in Person County and addressed key elements such as right-of-way width, drainage, and maintenance agreements. However, based on this initial review, several provisions appear outdated relative to contemporary engineering standards, emergency vehicle requirements, and subdivision design practices. A comprehensive update shall focus on: • Modernizing dimensional and structural criteria • Aligning intersection and sight distance standards with current NCDOT and AASHTO guidance • Strengthening inspection and certification protocols • Clarifying maintenance enforcement mechanisms • Ensuring that rural subdivision access patterns do not create avoidable public safety or fiscal risk. This preliminary analysis is intended to inform policy direction prior to drafting revised standards for formal consideration. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 IV. ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS In considering modernization of the Minimum Construction Standards for Private Roads, several policy and regulatory alternatives are available to the Board of Commissioners. Each option presents distinct implications for public safety, administrative workload, development feasibility, and long-term fiscal risk. Alternative 1: Maintain Existing Standards (No Action) Retain the 1987 standards without substantive revision. Advantages: • No immediate administrative or drafting effort required. • Maintains regulatory familiarity for staff and local development community. • Avoids short-term development cost increases. Disadvantages: • Standards remain misaligned with current engineering practice and emergency vehicle specifications. • Increased reliance on discretionary interpretation during plan review. • Continued exposure to risk associated with substandard construction and limited inspection authority. • Potential long-term pressure for County intervention if roads deteriorate or impede emergency access. Assessment: This option does not address documented deficiencies or evolving statutory and technical conditions. It maintains regulatory continuity but preserves existing risk and ambiguity. Alternative 2: Targeted Amendments (Incremental Update) Revise specific provisions of the ordinance while retaining the overall structure and classification framework (Class A and Class B roads). Specific areas of focus would be: Increase minimum travel way width for Class B roads, Update turnaround dimensions to reflect current fire apparatus turning templates, Revise intersection sight distance and access flare requirements to align with current NCDOT standards, Incorporate compaction standards and require engineer certification of construction, Update drainage design frequencies and culvert sizing criteria. Advantages: • Addresses the most critical life-safety and durability concerns. • Limits regulatory disruption and preserves familiar format. • Reduces immediate fiscal and administrative impacts relative to full overhaul. Disadvantages: • May perpetuate structural limitations in the 1987 framework. • Does not comprehensively address long-term maintenance enforcement or rural connectivity policy. • Risk of piecemeal updates that lack internal consistency. Assessment: This option represents a pragmatic near-term improvement strategy but may require future amendments to fully modernize the ordinance. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Alternative 3: Comprehensive Modernization (Full Rewrite) Undertake a complete revision of the private road standards, integrating current statutory authority, engineering criteria, emergency access requirements, and administrative procedures into a cohesive regulatory framework. Key elements include and not limited to: Consolidation of technical standards into performance-based criteria referencing NCDOT and AASHTO guidance, Updated minimum widths, structural sections, and grade limitations based on rural subdivision context, Defined requirements for stub-outs, future connectivity, and secondary access where feasible, Mandatory professional engineer certification and as-built documentation prior to final plat recordation, Enhanced maintenance agreement language and enforcement mechanisms, and Clear alignment with Chapter 160D procedures. Advantages: • Produces a modern, internally consistent, and defensible regulatory framework. • Reduces interpretive ambiguity and improves administrative predictability. • Strengthens public safety protections and reduces long-term fiscal exposure. • Aligns with practices in peer North Carolina jurisdictions. Disadvantages: • Requires greater staff and legal drafting effort. • May increase upfront development costs. • Requires stakeholder engagement and transition planning. Assessment: This option provides the most durable solution and best mitigates long-term risk, particularly given the rural access patterns and increasing subdivision activity in the County. Alternative 4: Require Public Road Construction Standards for All Subdivisions Provide strict private road and access easement requirements in all new subdivisions, including exempt subdivisions, requiring construction to NCDOT standards as a condition of any subdivision approval. Advantages: • Ensures uniform roadway design and potential eligibility for state maintenance. • Maximizes public safety and structural integrity. • Simplifies emergency access planning. Disadvantages: • May be impractical in low-density rural subdivisions where NCDOT would not accept the road into the Secondary Road System. • Could increase development costs significantly. • May reduce flexibility for rural conservation-oriented subdivisions. • Does not eliminate long-term private maintenance if NCDOT declines acceptance. Assessment: While this option provides the highest structural standard, it may not be feasible in all rural contexts and could constrain development flexibility without guaranteeing state maintenance. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Alternative 5: Hybrid Approach – Tiered Standards Based on Length and Lot Yield Retain private road authorization but adopt tiered requirements based on roadway length, number of dwelling units served, or anticipated vehicle trips. Possible structure consists of: Short, low-volume private access drives: enhanced Class B-type standard, Medium-length subdivision roads: upgraded structural section and continuous two-lane width, Long dead-end roads or those serving higher lot counts: require paved surface and enhanced drainage design and Consider secondary access triggers at defined thresholds. Advantages: • Calibrates infrastructure requirements to functional demand and risk profile. • Recognizes differences between short rural access lanes and extended subdivision roads. • Provides policy flexibility while strengthening safety protections. Disadvantages: • Adds regulatory complexity. • Requires careful threshold calibration to avoid unintended consequences. Assessment: This approach balances rural flexibility with risk-based standards and may be particularly suitable given Person County’s development pattern. Comparative Summary Alternative Safety Improvement Administrative Impact Development Cost Impact Long-Term Risk Reduction No Action Low None None Low Targeted Amendments Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Comprehensive Rewrite High High (initially) Moderate–High High Public Standards Only High Moderate High High (where accepted) Hybrid Tiered Approach High (calibrated) Moderate Moderate High Preliminary Policy Consideration Given the age of the ordinance, evolving emergency access requirements, and the County’s predominantly rural subdivision pattern, a comprehensive modernization or structured hybrid approach appears most consistent with long-term public safety objectives and risk management considerations. Incremental amendments may address immediate deficiencies but are less likely to produce a fully integrated and future-ready regulatory framework. Further directions from the Board will guide refinement of the preferred alternative prior to drafting formal amendments. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 V. RISK MITIGATION The regulation of private roads presents a distinct risk profile for rural counties. Although construction and maintenance responsibilities are assigned to private parties under N.C.G.S. §§ 136-102 and 160D-804, the County retains regulatory oversight authority and, more importantly, a continuing obligation to protect public health, safety, and welfare. Accordingly, private road standards function not only as development regulations but also as a risk mitigation mechanism. 1. Life-Safety and Emergency Access Risk In rural subdivisions, private roads frequently serve as the sole means of ingress and egress for multiple dwelling units. Substandard roadway width, excessive grades, insufficient turnaround areas, or inadequate structural capacity can materially impair fire suppression, EMS response, and law enforcement access. Delayed emergency response attributable to inadequate infrastructure presents both direct life-safety consequences and reputational risk to the County. Additionally, long dead-end private roads increase vulnerability during extreme weather events, flooding, fallen trees, or structural washouts. If a single point of access fails, residents may be isolated. Updated design criteria for drainage capacity, structural section, and emergency vehicle maneuverability directly mitigate these risks. 2. Infrastructure Failure and Deferred Maintenance Risk Because private roads are not maintained by the State or County, long-term performance depends on the adequacy of initial construction and the effectiveness of private maintenance agreements. Where standards are minimal or inspection protocols limited, premature pavement failure, base instability, and drainage degradation are common. In rural contexts, property owners’ associations may lack administrative capacity or financial reserves to perform timely maintenance. As deterioration progresses, disputes among owners may arise, and pressure may be placed on the County to intervene—either administratively or financially. Although the County is not legally obligated to assume maintenance, political and public safety considerations can create practical pressure for involvement. Clear construction standards, defined inspection protocols, and enforceable maintenance provisions reduce the likelihood of infrastructure failure and the associated downstream fiscal risk. 3. Regulatory and Legal Exposure Outdated or ambiguous standards increase interpretive discretion during plan review and approval. Inconsistent application can create equal protection concerns, undermine defensibility in quasi-judicial proceedings, and expose the County to legal challenge. Further, where emergency access is demonstrably impaired due to inadequate standards, plaintiffs may assert claims related to negligent regulatory oversight. While statutory authority assigns construction responsibility to private developers, courts often evaluate whether local governments exercised reasonable regulatory judgment consistent with contemporary professional practice. Aligning standards with current NCDOT and AASHTO guidance strengthens defensibility and demonstrates reliance on recognized technical benchmarks. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 4. Fiscal and Political Risk Private roads constructed to minimal specifications may deteriorate to a condition that generates public dissatisfaction and requests for state or County acceptance. However, NCDOT acceptance is typically contingent upon compliance with current construction standards and minimum density thresholds. Roads built to outdated or substandard criteria may not qualify for inclusion in the Secondary Road System without substantial reconstruction. In such cases, residents may seek County assistance for upgrades, creating potential unfunded liabilities or capital improvement pressures. Proactively strengthening standards reduces the probability of long-term public expenditure resulting from private infrastructure deficiencies. 5. Operational and Administrative Risk Limited inspection authority and the absence of professional certification requirements increase the likelihood of construction variability. Over time, this may produce inconsistent roadway performance across subdivisions, complicating enforcement and emergency response planning. Modernized standards that require professional engineer certification, documented compaction testing, and as- built verification shift technical accountability to qualified professionals and reduce reliance on staff interpretation alone. 6. Climate and Hydrologic Variability Storm intensity and rainfall patterns have shown increased variability in recent decades. Drainage infrastructure designed to minimal recurrence intervals may be insufficient to maintain passability during significant storm events. Culvert failure or overtopping can isolate rural residents and require emergency response resources. Updating drainage design frequencies and incorporating contemporary hydrologic modeling standards reduces exposure to roadway washout and access disruption. Risk Management Objective The overarching objective of updating the private road standards is not to shift maintenance responsibility to the County, but to reduce the probability that substandard infrastructure creates life-safety hazards, legal exposure, administrative burden, or future fiscal pressure. A defensible, clearly articulated, and technically current regulatory framework functions as a preventive risk management tool. By aligning requirements with contemporary engineering practice and emergency response needs, the County positions itself to support orderly rural development while minimizing long-term public exposure. VI. RECOMMENDATION Based on the foregoing analysis, staff recommends the comprehensive modernization of the Minimum Construction Standards for Private Roads, including preparation of draft amendments for formal review and public hearing. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 The recommended approach is a structured update that: • Aligns technical specifications with current NCDOT and AASHTO guidance • Incorporates updated emergency access and turnaround requirements based on current fire apparatus • Establishes clear inspection, certification, and documentation protocols • Clarifies maintenance agreement requirements and enforcement authority • Evaluates tiered standards appropriate to rural subdivision length and lot yield. Findings of Fact: • The County’s private road standards were adopted on March 9, 1987, and have not undergone comprehensive revision since adoption. • Transportation engineering standards, subdivision design practices, stormwater management criteria, and emergency vehicle specifications have materially evolved over the past four decades. • The current ordinance establishes minimum dimensional and material requirements but does not incorporate contemporary compaction testing, professional certification, or updated drainage and sight distance criteria consistent with current state and national standards. • In rural subdivisions, private roads frequently serve as the sole means of ingress and egress for multiple dwelling units, importance of adequate structural design and emergency access accommodation. • N.C.G.S. §§ 136-102 and 160D-804 authorize private streets while assigning construction and maintenance responsibility to private parties; however, the County retains regulatory authority and responsibility to adopt standards reasonably necessary to protect public health, safety, and welfare. • Failure to update outdated technical standards increases the potential for inconsistent application, infrastructure deterioration, impaired emergency access, and long-term fiscal or legal exposure. • Numerous peer North Carolina counties have modernized private street regulations to reflect contemporary engineering and statutory frameworks, supporting the reasonableness of similar action. Based on these findings, staff concludes that modernization of the ordinance is necessary and appropriate to ensure that private roads constructed within the County provide safe, durable, and functionally adequate access consistent with current professional standards. VII. CONCLUSION The County’s 1987 private road standards established a foundational regulatory framework appropriate to the development conditions and technical practices of that time. However, the evolution of engineering standards, statutory authority, emergency response requirements, and rural subdivision patterns necessitates a comprehensive reassessment. Private roads represent a unique regulatory category: while privately maintained, they function as critical access infrastructure for residents and emergency services. As such, the adequacy of their design and construction directly affects life safety, operational reliability, and long-term public exposure. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Modernizing the standards will enhance regulatory clarity, strengthen defensibility, and reduce long-term risk without transferring maintenance responsibility to the County. A carefully structured update will preserve development flexibility in rural areas while ensuring that minimum infrastructure thresholds reflect contemporary technical and safety expectations. Accordingly, staff recommends proceeding with preparation of draft amendments for formal consideration by the Planning Board and Board of Commissioners. PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 APPENDIX • Vance County, NC – Private Road Standards • New Hanover County, NC – Private Road Standards • Gilford County, NC – Private Road Standards ROAD STANDARDS; TRANSPORTATION, ROADWAY ACCESS AND CIRCULATION STANDARDS § 155.065 ROADS MUST MEET STANDARDS. Any extension of an existing road or any creation of a new road must meet or exceed the standards of this chapter. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.066 MINOR SUBDIVISION ACCESS. Minor subdivision access shall be in compliance with §§ 155.090 et seq. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.1) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.067 MAJOR SUBDIVISION ACCESS. Each lot in a major subdivision shall front on and have ingress from and egress to a dedicated public road meeting the standards of §§ 155.065 et seq., except as provided for in § 155.050(G). (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.2) § 155.068 PUBLIC OR PRIVATE ROADS DESIGNATED ON PLAT. Public or private roads within, abutting or adjacent to a proposed subdivision shall be designated on the preliminary and final plats and shall be arranged consistent with the use, character, extent, width, grade, proposed and existing transportation patterns, topographical and natural features, shall enhance public convenience and safety and shall be constructed and maintained to the standards of this chapter, the minimum construction standard established by the NC Department of Transportation or the standards of the American Association of State Highway Officials. If there is a conflict between any of these standards, the more restrictive shall apply. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.3) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.069 EXTENSION OF PUBLIC ROADS. (A) Any public road that is proposed to be extended shall be extended as a public road and shall cause a subdivision application to become a major subdivision and subject to the standards for major subdivisions contained in this chapter. (B) A full set of construction drawings, including, but not limited to, right-of-way, roadway width, center line data, curve data, plan and profile sheets, location of all proposed traffic control devices and drainage structures shall be prepared by a professional engineer, or other design professional as allowed by North Carolina General Statutes, submitted and approved prior to commencing construction. (C) The county shall have the option of contracting for the review of the plans at the developer's expense or shall review plans with appropriate staff. (D) Construction shall be inspected and certified by a professional engineer, or other design professional allowed by North Carolina General Statutes, as complying with NCDOT and/or Vance County specifications. Laboratory test reports shall be submitted with 1 complete set of certified as-built plans for roadway construction at the completion of construction. Permits from the Vance County Planninq Office or the North Carolina Department of Transportation for driveway, street, public or private connection to an existing road system must be approved and issued prior to the issuance of development permits. (E) Construction and maintenance shall occur in accordance with the North Carolina Department of Transportation Best Management Practices (BMP) and shall occur in accordance with the North Carolina Erosion and Sedimentation Act of 1973 and subsequent amendments. (F) In lieu of actual prior approved construction, construction assurances as required in §§ 155.145 et seq. shall be required before final plat approval. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.4) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.070 PUBLIC ROADS. (A) Designation of any road on a plat as public road shall be conclusively presumed to be an offer of dedication to the public. (B) Roads serving the general public and determined by the Planning Board as through roads within a local road network shall be designated as public roads. (C) All lots within a subdivision shall abut a dedicated public road except where the use of a private road is permitted in §§155.040 et seq. or this subchapter, or permitted in accordance with the provisions of § 155.073. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.5) § 155.071 PRIVATE ROADS BY TYPE. Vance County, NC (A) Generally. A private road shall be designated as existing, new or extended, as described below, on a Minor- Subdivision Plat. (B) Existing private roads. Private roads, the existence of which can be established by documentary evidence, aerial photograph or judicial decree, are existing private roads. The portion of the existing private road which serves as frontage for new lots in the subdivision must meet or exceed the Class 1 or Class 2 private road standards in § 155.072(G), (H), and (I). (C) New private roads. New private roads within a proposed subdivision that serve as frontage and/or access for lots must meet or exceed the Class 1 or Class 2 private road standards in § 155.072(G) and (H). A connecting private access road, if any exists, must meet the Class 1 minimum private road standards of §§ 155.040 et seq. and 155.065 et seq. (D) Extended private roads. Extended private roads are considered to be new private roads for the purpose of determining the required class of road. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.6) § 155.072 PRIVATE ROAD BY CLASS; PRIVATE ROADS AND PRIVATE ACCESS EASEMENTS BY CLASS, RIGHT- OF-WAY, OWNERSHIP AND CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS. (A) Disclaimer. The standards described herein are the minimum set forth by Vance County. The county has not determined, and is not responsible for determining, that these standards are adequate or appropriate for all situations and uses by land owners. Roads not meeting NCDOT standards will not be accepted by NCDOT until compliance is achieved. (B) Ownership. A Class 1 or Class 2 private road right-of-way and the improvements therein shall be held in common ownership (e.g., Home Owner's Association) by those properties fronting on and/or having access to the road. (C) Right-of-way width. Minimum right-of-way width required: 60 feet. (D) Safe 2-way passage of traffic. All private roads and private access easements shall be designed and constructed to permit the safe 2-way passage of traffic based upon the appropriate construction standards for private roads as shown in divisions (G) through (I) below. (E) Safe intersection. The design, location and improvement of all private roads and private access easements shall provide for safe intersection with public and private roads; for safe passage of public service and emergency vehicles; and protection of adjoining property. (F) Obstacles. All private road and private access easement rights-of-way shall be free and clear of obstacles, including vegetation, abandoned vehicles and other similar objects. (G) Class 1 private road. (1) Maximum number of lots permitted to have access. None; and (2) Construction standard. The road shall be constructed in accordance with the North Carolina Department of Transportation - Subdivision Roads, Minimum Construction Standards, except that no pavement is required. (H) Class 2 private road. (1) Maximum number of lots permitted to have access. Seven; and (2) The road shall be constructed in accordance with the North Carolina Department of Transportation - Subdivision Roads, Minimum Construction Standards, except that: (a) No pavement is required; (b) The minimum width of the road surface may be reduced to 16 feet; and (c) There shall be at least 1 shoulder 5 feet in width. (I) Private access easement. (1) Ownership. A private access easement and the improvements therein may be held in: (a) Common ownership (e.g., Home Owner's Association) by those properties fronting on and/or having access to the road; or (b) Individual ownership of the property owner of the lot of record from which a minor subdivision is created, provided that the individual owner shall be responsible for the construction and perpetual maintenance of the access drive required to be constructed within the easement. (See § 155.093(C)(6) for maintenance documents required at time of minor subdivision application.) (2) Minimum right-of-way width required. Twenty-five feet; (3) Maximum number of lots permitted to have access. Four; and (4) Construction standard. An access drive shall be constructed in accordance with this chapter above and: (a) The minimum width of the access drive shall be 12 feet of vehicular travel surface; and (b) There shall be at least 1 stable shoulder 5 feet in width. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.7) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.073 PRIVATE ROADS ALLOWED. (A) Permitted use of private roads within condominium, townhouse and gated community development. The design, location and improvement of private roads shall provide for safe intersection with public roads, safe passage of public service and emergency vehicles and protection of adjoining parcels. Private roads shall be permitted in major subdivisions on land held by a homeowners association or where public access is restricted by means of a gate or guardhouse. (1) A copy of the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the homeowners association providing for 1 lot, 1 vote membership formula shall be filed with the Planning Department. (2) The governing covenants shall require the payment of periodic assessments to the homeowner's association on no less than an annual basis and shall be sufficient to maintain the private streets or roadways of the subdivision. Delinquent unpaid assessments shall constitute a lien against the assessed properties. (3) Provisions shall be made for a school bus to enter subdivision, turn around without backing up and exit in the shortest distance possible and a letter of permission (wavier of liability) for the bus to enter and exit shall be filed with and approved by the Superintendent of Schools. A copy of the approval shall be filed the Planning Department. (4) (a) Provisions shall be made for postal delivery to enter subdivision, turn around without backing up and exit in the shortest distance possible and a letter of permission (wavier of liability) for the bus to enter and exit shall be filed with and approved by the Postal Service. (b) A copy of the approval shall be filed the Planning Department. Postal delivery locations shall not be within the public right-of-way, within a vehicular sight triangle or impede the flow of traffic into or out of the subdivision. (B) Other permitted use of private roads. The Planning Board may approve construction and use of private roads where: (1) An existing, new or extended private road included as part of a proposed subdivision cannot serve as part of a through road within a local road network because physio-geographical characteristics or other intervening manmade characteristics make it impractical or unreasonable to extend the public roads to connect to adjoining roads or land; (2) There will be fewer than 2 lots for each 1/10 of a mile of road and deed restrictions or zoning prevent further re- subdivision; (3) A road is less than 2/10 of a mile, serves fewer than 4 lots and deed restrictions or zoning prevent further re- subdivision; (4) A cul-de-sac is less than 2/10 of a mile, serves fewer than 4 lots and deed restrictions or zoning prevent further re- subdivision; (5) A subdivision access road is less than 1 mile and provides ingress and egress for fewer than 5 lots; (6) A subdivision access road is over 1 mile in length and provides ingress and egress for fewer than an average of 5 lots per mile. A subdivision access road is a road built through vacant property to provide access to the property being developed. This road would not have lots platted along it. (NCDOT definition); or (7) All adjoining land has been previously developed and the proposed subdivision does not: (a) Provide access to adjoining property; (b) Create any new or residual parcels which do not satisfy the requirements of this chapter or other applicable local and state controls; (c) Involve the extension of public sewerage or water lines or the creation of new drainage easements; and (d) Create lots or locate a road entirely or substantially in a flood hazard area as defined by Chapter 153. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.8.9) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.074 PRIVATE ROAD REQUIREMENTS. (A) Generally. The minimum standards for private roads are as follows. (B) Minimum standards. (1) The design, location, maintenance and improvement of private roads shall provide for safe intersection with public roads, safe passage of public service and emergency vehicles and protection of adjoining parcels. (2) (a) The applicant shall submit proposed agreements or covenants ensuring continued use and maintenance of any existing, platted or proposed private roads by landowners served by the roads. (b) These agreements will specify how responsibility for road maintenance will be apportioned among the landowners served, and will provide enforcement rights for the maintenance agreement. (3) For all subdivisions with Class 1 or Class 2 private roads, a full set of construction drawings, including, but not limited to, right-of-way width and location, roadway width, center line data, curve data, plan and profile sheets, location of all proposed traffic control devices and drainage structures, shall be prepared by a professional engineer, or other design professional as allowed by North Carolina General Statutes, submitted and approved prior to commencing construction. (4) The county shall have the option of contracting for the review of the plans at the developer's expense or shall review plans with appropriate staff. (5) Construction shall be inspected and certified by a professional engineer, or other design professional allowed by North Carolina General Statutes, as complying with Vance County and/or NCDOT specifications. Laboratory test reports shall be submitted with 1 complete set of certified as-built plans for roadway construction at the completion of construction. (6) Construction and maintenance shall occur in accordance with the North Carolina Department of Transportation Best Management Practices (BMP) and shall occur in accordance with the North Carolina Erosion and Sedimentation Act of 1973 and subsequent amendments. (7) In lieu of actual prior approved construction, construction assurances as required in §§ 155.145 et seq. shall be required before final plat approval. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.10) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.075 STANDARDS FOR ALL ROADS. (A) Coordination with existing road system. The proposed road layout within a subdivision shall be coordinated with the existing and proposed road network within the surrounding area (as established on the adopted Thoroughfare Plan for Vance County and the road layout within existing and approved subdivisions in the general area), including the extension and interconnection of roads between adjacent properties where appropriate to the development of a local road network. (B) Access to adjacent properties or future phases. (1) (a) All roads providing access to adjoining property shall be located so as to best ensure the safe, convenient and efficient movement of traffic within a local road network as well as the orderly development of adjacent properties. (b) All dead end private roads must terminate in a cul-de-sac for turning around of emergency equipment. (2) Where an adjoining property gains access through the property contained in the proposed minor subdivision to a public road, this access shall be: (a) Included in the private road right-of-way which shall be conforming with the lines of the existing easements; (b) The original access may be abandoned and an alternative access easement, which follows a new private road alignment, dedicated and recorded; and (c) The lots shall be counted toward the number of lots permitted on a Class 1 or Class 2 private road. (C) Reserve strips and non-access reservations. Reserve strips or non-access reservations that control access to roads, waterways, parks or the like, and other reserved strips shall be permitted only if their purpose, location, dimensions and manner of control is approved by the Planning Board. (D) Access to major thoroughfares. Subject to the restrictions in §§ 155.040 et seq. and 155.065 et seq., direct driveway access from minor subdivision lots shall be permitted to and from numbered NCDOT (public) roads in Vance County except for those roads identified as Interstate Highway, Principal Arterial, Minor Arterial, Major Collector, and Minor Collector roads in the Thoroughfare Plan for Vance County and the table below. NCDOT (Public) Roadways Not Permitting Direct Access NCDOT (Public) Roadways Not Permitting Direct Access Interstate Highways I-85 Principal Arterials US 1/158 north from the Henderson city limits to Warren County US 1 bypass south from the Henderson city limits to Franklin County Minor Arterials NC 39 south from the Henderson city limits to Franklin County Major Collectors US 158 Bus. west from the Henderson city limits to Granville County US158 bypass west from the Henderson city limits to Granville County US 1 Business north and south from the Henderson city limits to US 1 north and south NC 39 north from the Henderson city limits to the Virginia state border (E) Road names. (1) A road name shall be assigned to any private road or private access easement which provides vehicular access to 2 or more parcels. (2) Any proposed road which is in alignment with an existing road shall be given the same name. (3) All private roads and private access easements shall have the suffix “lane.” (4) New road names shall not duplicate or closely approximate the names of existing or reserved subdivisions, apartment complexes, mobile home parks, roads, lanes, drives or streets within the county, within municipalities in the county, or in adjoining counties within one mile of Vance County. (5) New street names shall be approved by the Planning Board at the time of plat final approval and addressing will be assigned by Emergency Operations Offices. (6) Street names should be simple, use the most common spelling and may not exceed 15 characters in length. (F) Half streets. Where there exists a half-street along a common property line in an adjoining subdivision, the remaining half shall be provided by the proposed subdivision. (G) Direct access to adjoining major thoroughfare. If alternative access from a road of lower classification is possible, no direct access shall be allowed to an adjoining major thoroughfare unless permitted by NCDOT and approved by the Planning Board. (H) Separation of access points along adjoining major thoroughfare. Driveways and/or intersecting roads from an adjacent subdivision to a major thoroughfare shall be separated in accordance with NCDOT or Vance County standards, whichever is the more restrictive. (I) Major thoroughfare right-of-way dedication or reservation. (1) Dedication of right-of-way abutting existing major thoroughfare roads. A subdivision abutting an existing major thoroughfare road shall include dedication of any additional right-of-way along the site's frontage on the major thoroughfare that is needed to widen the right-of way to at least 1/2 the minimum right-of-way shown in Table D-1 of the Thoroughfare Plan for Vance County but in no case less than 35 feet from the centerline of the roadway. (2) Proposed new thoroughfares. (a) Incorporation of thoroughfare, if: 1. The Thoroughfare Plan for Vance County proposes a new major thoroughfare across part of a subdivision site; 2. An alignment for the thoroughfare has been determined to a reasonable degree of certainty (for example, as a centerline alignment on a functional design plan); and 3. The thoroughfare could appropriately serve to provide direct access to the subdivision; then the subdivision shall be classified as a major subdivision, comply with the requirements of §§ 155.040 et seq., 155.065 et seq., 155.090 et seq., and 155.125 et seq., and incorporate the major thoroughfare into its internal road layout with 1 of the subdivision roads along the proposed thoroughfare alignment constructed to NCDOT standards for a residential collector road. (b) 1. Reservation of future right-of-way, if: a. The Thoroughfare Plan for Vance County proposes a new major thoroughfare, other than one defined in division (I)(2)(a)1. above, across part of a subdivision site; b. An alignment for the thoroughfare has been determined to a reasonable degree of certainty; and c. The subdivision shall include dedication of the thoroughfare's future right-of-way. 2. Land area needed as future right-of-way shall be determined from NCDOT plans or otherwise by applying half the right-of-way width recommended in the Thorouqhfare Plan for Vance County along each side of the thoroughfare's proposed centerline alignment. (c) If neither division (I)(2)(a) or (I)(2)(b) above applies, no incorporation or reservation of a future right-of-way for a proposed major thoroughfare across a proposed minor subdivision is required. The Planning Board may not delay final approval of a particular subdivision plan for failure to comply with division (I)(2)(b) above for more than 3 years after the date the application for plan approval has been accepted by the Planning Department as complete. (3) Record plat notice of future right-of-way. A Thoroughfare Plan recommending the widening of an existing major thoroughfare abutting a subdivision site, or proposing a new major thoroughfare across part of a subdivision site, the recorded plat shall include notice of such. If the area needed for the planned widening or construction for a new thoroughfare can be ascertained with a reasonable degree of certainty, the record plat shall delineate it and label it as future right-of-way. (J) Road design in water supply watersheds. (1) All proposed roads shall follow topographical contours of the site as closely as possible. (2) Curb and gutter shall be prohibited. (3) New roads shall be designed and constructed to divert storm-water runoff away from directly draining into surface water supply waters and shall utilize watershed Best Management Practices. (K) Subdivision street; disclosure statement. (1) The right-of-way of any new road or change in any existing road shall be delineated on a subdivision plat and shall be designated either public or private in accordance with G.S. § 136-102.6. (2) Any road designated on a plat as public shall be conclusively presumed to be an offer of dedication to the public and shall meet applicable NCDOT standards. (3) A certification designating each road as either public or private shall be affixed to the face of the recorded plat in accordance with § 155.069(B). Private roads required to be built to NCDOT standards but not eligible because of too few lots or residences shall be dedicated to the public and shall meet the standards in this chapter. (L) Subdivision access and entrance roads. (1) Access shall be consolidated wherever possible. (2) Supporting data verifying the capacity and safety of the access from a public to a private road shall be submitted and approved. (3) Private road and private access easement entrances to a subdivision shall be a minimum of 300 feet from the intersection of 2 public roads and access points shall be a minimum of 200 feet apart. (4) All entrances shall conform with the NCDOT “Policy on Street and Driveway Access to North Carolina Highways.” (M) Driveway permits. DOT approval of the location of an individual lot driveway entrance to a public or private road or a private access easement shall be received prior to the issuance of a development permit. (1) There shall be a minimum distance of 150 feet between an individual driveway and a private road or private access easement entrance to the subdivision. (2) A individual lot driveway entrance shall be located a minimum distance of 150 feet from the intersection of 2 roads within a subdivision. (3) There shall be a minimum of 550 feet clear sight distance for any driveway providing access onto a public road unless the road has a posted speed of 45 mph or lower or a design speed of 50 mph or lower in which case the “Desirable Stopping Site Distance” as shown in Table D-5 of the “Thoroughfare Plan For Vance County” shall be required. (N) Intersections. (1) Streets shall intersect with angles of 75 to 90 degrees. Under extreme conditions, intersections with angles from 60 to 75 degrees may be acceptable when approved by the NCDOT District Engineer and must adhere to the design standards of the NCDOT Policy on Street and Driveway Access. (2) Where intersections cannot be aligned, the centerlines of the streets shall be offset by a minimum length of 200 feet. (3) All streets crossing natural areas, wetlands or stream buffers must cross at or as near to 90 degrees as possible. (4) The grade on stop streets approaching an intersection shall not exceed 5% for a distance of not less than 100 feet from the centerline of the intersection. Under extreme conditions, grades of less than 1/2% or in excess of 5% may be acceptable and are to be submitted for consideration to the NCDOT District Engineer. (5) An intersection shall not include more than 4 road approaches. (O) Alleys. Except where necessitated by unusual circumstances, alleys shall not be provided. If provided, they shall be constructed within an access easement of at least a 25 feet width and connect with roads or provide adequate turn around improvements at the end of the alley. (P) Permits for connection to public roads. An approved permit is required for connection to any existing NCDOT state system road. This permit is required prior to the construction of a private road or private access easement. The application is available at the office of the District Engineer of the Division of Highways. All permit applications shall be in conformance with NCDOT, “Policy on Street and Driveway Access.” (Q) Offset to utility poles. Poles for overhead utilities should be located clear of roadways shoulders, preferably a minimum of at least 30 feet from the centerline of the road, based on standard 60-foot right-of-way. On streets with curb and gutter, utility poles shall be set back a minimum distance of 16 feet from the face of curb. (R) Handicap access and wheel chair ramps. All street curbs being constructed or reconstructed for maintenance purposes, traffic operations, repairs, correction of utilities, or altered for any reason, shall include provisions for the physically handicapped in conformance with G.S. § 136-44.14, the NCBC Volume 1-C (Handicap) and the NCDOT standards at intersections where both curb and gutter and sidewalks are provided and at other major points of pedestrian flow. (S) Street and lot lighting. Subdivisions with lots of 20,000 square feet or less and/or any other proposed street lighting require a unified street lighting system. All residential street lighting and all lighting on lots shall be shielded. (T) Curb and gutter. Curb and gutter shall be not be required or permitted unless the continuity of previous street work necessitates curb and gutter. Where curb and gutter is unavoidable, the construction shall be in conformance with NCDOT standards. (U) Vehicular sight distance easements. Triangular sight distance easements shall remain free of all structures, trees, shrubbery, driveways and signs, except traffic-control signs, and shall be shown in dashed lines at all street intersections and so noted on the subdivision plat. Final determination of the location and extent of sight distance easements will be made by the jurisdiction in cooperation with the NCDOT District Engineer. Generally: (1) Property lines at intersections shall be rounded with the following radii: private roads with private roads - 20 feet; and (2) A vehicular sight triangle per NCDOT “Policy on Street and Driveway Access to North Carolina Highways.” (V) Islands or short medians at subdivision entrances. Approval of proposals for islands or medians at private road entrances shall be on an individual basis by the Division Engineer and shall conform to the NCDOT - “Subdivision Roads, Minimum Construction Standards” and approval will be with the following understanding. (1) The Division of Highways will not maintain the island or median section. (2) The island or the median section will be removed if it is not properly maintained. (3) The minimum lane width at the entrances, excluding curb and gutter will be 14 feet. (W) Traffic-control signs. (1) The NCDOT District Engineer shall be responsible for the review and approval of plans for traffic-control signs and devices for private roads within the subdivision and may require additional signs in the interest of public safety. The number, placement and quantity for traffic-control signs shall conform to the “Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD).” (2) The county shall be responsible for the acquisition and installation of all traffic-control signs. (3) The developer shall be responsible for the costs of signs and the costs for installing the signs. The costs for the signs and installation shall be included in the fee schedule. These costs shall be calculated and shall be payable upon preliminary plat approval. (4) The proposed construction schedule should reflect the time of installation of traffic and street naming signs, and the locations shall be staked by the surveyor in accordance with the construction schedule. The developer shall have the responsibility to coordinate installation with the county. (X) Street naming signs. The county shall be responsible for the acquisition and installation of all street naming signs. The cost of signs and installations shall be included in the fee schedule and shall be payable upon preliminary plat approval. (Y) Guard rails. No banks or slopes within a public right-of-way directly adjacent to a minor subdivision or within a private road right-of-way shall have a slope steeper than 1 foot rise to 4 foot run. Within reason, pre-existing non-conforming slopes shall be brought into conformance. Slopes at or steeper than 1 foot rise in 2 foot run shall be protected by a guardrail along the shoulder of the road. (Z) Break-away posts. All traffic signs, street naming signs, mail boxes or other similar objects installed on posts located within the right-of-way shall be installed with break-away posts. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 313.11) Penalty, see § 10.99 STANDARDS FOR SUBDIVISIONS § 155.090 GENERALLY. (A) The Vance County Planning Board has the right and responsibility to review, and require revisions to, any proposed subdivision plat. (B) The purpose of this review is to: (1) Relieve demonstrable adverse impacts of the development upon public safety, health or welfare; (2) Determine that adequate and sustainable utilities and services are available for the development; (3) Protect public investments in roads, drainage facilities, sewage facilities and public water supplies; (4) Preserve the value of land and development; and (5) Assure that the regulations of Vance County are upheld. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 401) § 155.091 PURPOSE. The purpose of §§ 155.090 et seq. is to establish the procedure for review of and action on subdivisions and certain standards for the development of minor subdivisions. The procedure is intended to provide orderly and expeditious processing of subdivisions. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 402) § 155.092 APPROVAL REQUIRED. (A) Prior to the commencement of any construction, including clearing and grading for a proposed subdivision or the expansion of an existing subdivision, a minor subdivision plat shall be prepared in accordance with the requirements of this chapter, reviewed and approved by the Vance County Planning Board. (B) No permits of any kind shall be issued on a lot within a subdivision until a final plat is approved by the Vance County Planning Board. (C) No lots may be sold or building permits issued until a subdivision plat has been recorded with the Vance County Register of Deeds. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 403) § 155.093 PRIVATE ROAD AND PRIVATE ACCESS EASEMENT CONSTRUCTION PLAN SUBMITTAL, REVIEW, CONSTRUCTION, INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS. (A) Approval required. A subdivision plat approved with a requirement for a Class 1 or Class 2 private road shall not be signed by the authorized Planning Agent or Planning Board Chairperson or filed with or recorded by the Vance County Register of Deeds until: (1) Construction plans prepared by a professional engineer or other design professional as allowed by North Carolina General Statutes has been submitted for review and approved by the county in accordance with §§ 155.065 et seq. and other applicable provisions of this article; and (2) Any plans meeting the standards of this subchapter have been reviewed and approved by Vance County; and (3) Any private road improvements have been constructed and inspected, and approved by Vance County in accordance with this subchapter; or (4) A financial surety to guarantee the completion of required construction is provided in accordance with the provisions of §§ 155.145 et seq. (B) Minor subdivision with private access easement. A minor subdivision plat approved with a requirement for a private access easement shall not be signed by the authorized Planning Agent or Planning Board Chairperson or filed with or recorded by the Vance County Register of Deeds until: (1) Permanent vehicular access improvements meeting the standards of §§ 155.065 et seq., and other applicable standards of §§ 155.065 et seq., are constructed and are certified as constructed by the applicant/subdivider; or (2) A financial surety is provided in accordance with the provisions of §§ 155.145 et seq. (C) Construction plan review; detailed construction plan submittal, review and authorization to proceed requirements. After the Planning Board has given approval to a subdivision plat, the applicant is authorized to prepare detailed construction plans for roadway and other improvements if appropriate. (1) Information required for construction plan submittal. The construction plan submittal shall include all required materials specified in this chapter. (2) Review of construction plans. (a) The Planning Department shall review the plans to determine that the construction plans are in accordance with the approved preliminary plat and the requirements of this chapter. The Planning Department may forward copies of the construction plan submittal to the Technical Review Committee and to other appropriate state and local agencies for review and recommendations. (b) Following this joint review, the authorized Planning Agent shall, in writing, approve the construction plan submittal as proposed, approve the plan with conditions or modifications, or in the case of major deficiencies disapprove the submittal. If the submittal is disapproved, reasons for disapproval shall be stated in writing, and the subdivider may correct any deficiencies and submit a revised construction plan for approval. 1. The authorized Planning Agent shall return 1 copy of the construction plan submittal, the recommendations of state and local agencies, and his or her decision to the subdivider, retaining 1 copy of each of the documents. 2. If the construction plan submittal is complete and is in accordance with the approved preliminary plan and the requirements of this chapter, the authorized Planning Agent will authorize the subdivider to proceed with construction. The intent of this authorization is to enable the execution of the approved plat and construction plans in the field and shall not be construed to entitle the recipient to offer any lot for sale. 3. The authorization to proceed, once approved, may be revoked, if there has been alteration of the site or soil conditions, changes to the proposed facility or document falsification causing revocation of the permit. 4. Upon the approval of the construction plan submitted, the subdivider may prepare a record plat. The subdivider may also begin to install the roads, utilities and other improvements in accordance with the approved construction plans and requirements and other state and local laws. Approval of a construction plan under this subchapter shall be valid for a period of 6 months and will not be invalidated by any changes and amendments to the Vance County ordinances. Projects may be phased for construction purposes, however, compliance shall be achieved in each phase and other requirements are met. (3) Construction progress prerequisite. (a) No construction or installation of improvements shall commence in a proposed subdivision until the construction plan has been approved, and all plans and specifications have been approved and signed by the appropriate authorities. (b) No building or other permit shall be issued for erection of a structure on any lot not of record at the time of adoption of this chapter or created in compliance with this chapter until all requirements of applicable state and local laws have been met. (4) Completion of improvements. An improvement is deemed completed when certified to have been installed in accordance with the approved plat and construction plan by the appropriate agency. (5) Platting before completion of improvements; disclosure statement. (a) If all required improvements are not completed before the record plat is presented for recordation, the plat may be accepted, approved and recorded if it includes a statement disclosing the status of any uncompleted improvements. Failure to complete the required improvements by the scheduled completion date set forth in the construction schedule will result in the suspension of any permits for more than 50% of the lots shown on the recorded plat. Certificates of occupancy shall not be issued for any lot until all required water supply and sewage disposal improvements serving the lot have been completed and are fully functional. The construction schedule shall indicate when construction or installation of each uncompleted improvement will be completed. The schedule shall be subject to the Planning Department approval. (b) The disclosure statement shall include the subdivider's signed and notarized acknowledgment that: 1. The subdivider is responsible for the construction or installation of all required improvements in accordance with the approved preliminary plat and construction plan and the schedule contained in this statement; and 2. The subdivider will provide the prospective buyer of any lot shown on the final plat with written disclosure of: a. The subdivider's responsibility and schedule for completing required improvements; b. This section's provisions regarding the withholding of building permits and certificates of occupancy pending completion of required improvements; and c. Any inquiries concerning the subdivision's current status concerning the completion of required improvements and the withholding of building permits and certificates of occupancy pending completion of required improvements. (6) Improvements to be maintained. (a) The record plat shall include the subdivider’s signed and notarized acknowledgment that the subdivider is responsible for the maintenance of all required improvements until the responsibility is assumed by a unit of government, public utility, homeowners’ association, lot owner, or other legal entity. (b) The subdivider will provide the prospective buyer of any lot shown on the record plat with written disclosure of: 1. The subdivider’s responsibility for maintaining required improvements; and 2. This section’s provisions regarding the withholding of building permits. (c) The record plat shall also include a statement referencing any inquiries about the application of this section's provisions. (7) Construction inspection and administrative procedures. All construction shall be in accordance with the approved plat, approved construction plans and all applicable state and local laws. (a) As the work pursuant to an approved plat and construction plans progresses, the authorized Planning Agent is hereby authorized and directed to make the inspections as are necessary to determine satisfactory compliance with this chapter and to the approved plat. It shall be the duty of the owner or his or her authorized agent to give free access to the premises at reasonable times for the purpose of inspection or other enforcement action. (b) The Planning Agent may require test, test reports or specific analysis as proof of compliance. Tests or analyses shall be performed at the expense of the owner or his or her agent, and by an approved testing laboratory or other approved testing laboratory or other approved agency or registered design professional. Required test or analysis for code compliance is specified in the NC technical codes. (c) Upon completion of construction and the submittal of all required documentation, the developer shall request a final inspection from Planning Department. Upon determination of full compliance with all appropriate specifications and regulations, the authorized planning agent shall issue a certificate of compliance. If the development is to be built in phases, a separate certificate of compliance will be issued for each phase of development. (8) Violations. (a) Upon determination of violation of applicable state and local laws, ordinances or other regulations, the Planning Agent shall give written notice to the owner by certified or registered mail to the last known address or by personal service, requiring the owner to remedy the deficiencies within the period as the administrator may prescribe. (b) Whenever a property is in violation of this chapter, the Planning Agent may order the work to be immediately stopped. The stop-work order shall be in writing and directed to the person doing the work. The stop-work order shall state the specific work to be stopped the specific reasons for the stoppage, and the conditions under which the work may be resumed. (c) Upon determination of substantial departure from approved plans and/or specifications; or for refusal or failure to comply with the requirements applicable state or local ordinances, codes, laws, regulations; or for making false statements or misrepresentations made in securing the approvals; or any authorization to proceed mistakenly issued in violation this or other applicable codes or regulations, the Planning Department shall revoke the authorization to proceed. (d) If the owner fails refuses to comply with an order to take corrective action, he or she shall be subject to any and all remedies of the law as assigned to the regulatory agency or as is determined by the court. (e) Failure or refusal to comply with an order to take corrective action and within the prescribed time period shall result in the suspension of related permits and/or blocking issue of further permits as is determined by the authorized planning agent. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 404) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.094 MINOR SUBDIVISION ROADS AND LOT ACCESS PROVISIONS. (A) Minor subdivision lot access. Notwithstanding access provisions located elsewhere in this chapter, minor subdivision lots shall be permitted to have direct access to: (1) An existing public road, provided that the following conditions are met: (a) The public road is not a major thoroughfare listed in § 155.075; (b) Site distance from a driveway for a minor subdivision shall meet or exceed the requirements as is stated in Table D-5 in the “Thoroughfare Plan For Vance County”; (c) Driveways connecting to a public road shall be configured to permit vehicles to leave the lot facing forward; and (d) Cleared site triangle easements shall be provided on all lots with direct access to a public road. (2) An existing private road that meets the standards of this chapter; (3) A Class 1 private road meeting the standards of this chapter; (4) A Class 2 private road (accessed by seven or fewer lots) meeting the standards of this chapter; or (5) A private access easement (accessed by 4 or fewer lots) meeting the standards of this chapter. (B) Private road by type; existing or new. See § 155.071. (C) Private road by class. See § 155.072. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 405) § 155.095 REQUIRED IMPROVEMENTS AND MINIMUM STANDARDS OF DESIGN. (A) The purpose of these standards is to give voice to aspects of development in Vance County and enhance the physical design, natural topography, plant life, street hardware and other objects observed by the public. These standards are not intended to restrict imagination, innovation or variety, but to focus on the design principles which preserve taxable values, and preserve natural resources to the public health, safety and welfare. (B) The landscape shall be preserved in its natural state insofar as practicable, by minimizing tree and soil removal. Any grade changes shall be in keeping with the general appearance of neighboring developed areas. The orientation of individual building sites shall be such as to maintain maximum natural topography and cover. Topography, tree cover and natural drainage ways, to the greatest extent possible, shall be treated as fixed determinants of road and lot rather than as malleable elements. (C) Roads shall be designed and located in such a manner as to maintain and preserve natural topography, cover, significant landmarks and natural vegetation; to minimize cut and fill; and to preserve and enhance views and vistas on or off the subject parcel. (D) Proposed development shall be related harmoniously to the terrain. (E) The removal or disruption of historic, traditional or significant uses, structures or architectural elements shall be minimized insofar as practical, whether these exist on the site or on adjacent properties. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 406) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.096 IMPROVEMENTS, DEDICATIONS, EASEMENTS AND MINIMUM STANDARDS OF DESIGN REQUIRED. (A) Each subdivision shall contain the improvements specified in this subchapter, which shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. (B) Land shall be dedicated, reserved or easements provided in each subdivision as specified in this subchapter. Each subdivision shall adhere to the minimum standards of design established by this subchapter. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 407) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.097 LOTS. (A) Generally. (1) Every buildable lot created shall be capable of meeting the standards of this chapter. (2) Every lot created shall have an assured and approved water supply and shall either have access to a public sewer or shall have the ability to sustain a septic tank system. (3) Every lot created shall have recorded permanent access to a public road. No lot shall be created that is landlocked or that does not have permanent ingress or egress to the property. (4) All lots in new subdivisions shall conform to the applicable zoning requirements. (5) Where 2 or more non-conforming contiguous lots are combined to form a buildable lot, they shall be recombined and recorded prior to issuance of any permits. (6) Lots shall meet any applicable County Health Department requirements. (7) Lots with double frontage will be allowed where a permanent access restriction along the entire length of the secondary road frontage is furnished, shall be recorded on the subdivision plat and grading and/or landscaping shall be such that prohibits casual access on the secondary frontage. (8) Every lot shall be appropriately sized and shaped for its intended use. (9) No lot shall be created which contains a private access easement to another lot or adjoining property. (10) Corner lots shall be of sufficient size to allow front yard setbacks on both sides adjacent to roads; except corner lots where 1 side is adjacent to an exterior street. (11) For the purposes of determining the size of a lot, the net lot area will be used. The net lot area calculations shall not include road rights-of-way, private roads, access easements and other similar uses or easements which do not allow use of the land for other purposes (such as the location of a house or a drainage field for example). (12) Peculiarly shaped elongations or protrusions shall not be formed solely to minimum net square footage required. (B) Lot dimensions and standards. The size, shape and orientation of all lots shall be appropriate for the type of development proposed. Non-buildable lots shall be clearly denoted as such on all plats and plans and shall conform to the following. (1) Conformance to other regulations. Every lot shall have sufficient area, dimension and street access to permit a principal structure to be erected or placed thereon in compliance with all existing ordinances of the county, except nothing shall prevent the developer from creating non-buildable lots, providing they are clearly denoted as such on all plats and plans. (2) Minimum net lot area. Every lot shall have 50% of its total area of contiguous buildable area of a shape to hold a principal structure. The area shall lie at an elevation of 3 feet above the base flood elevation. Lots with constraints shall comply with the table in division (B)(7) below. (3) Lot depth to width ratio. No lot shall have a depth greater than 4 times the width, except where: (a) Wetlands, floodplains and/or slopes or any combination thereof in excess of 20% or conditions constituting more than 25% is located within the wetlands, floodplain or areas with slopes in excess of 20%; (b) Irrevocable, permanent deed restrictions are placed upon the lot, and recorded on the face of the recorded plat, that will prohibit the lot from further subdivision; and (c) Width shall be based on the average width of the lot. (4) Side lot line configurations. Side property lines of lots shall be substantially at right angles or radial to street lines; except as in division (B)(6)(e) below or where natural topography would dictate otherwise. (5) Lot lines and drainage. Lot boundaries shall coincide with natural or pre-existing manmade drainageways or other watercourses to the extent possible to avoid lots that can only be built upon only by altering the drainage ways or watercourses. (6) Subdivision of existing lots or reduction in lot size. (a) There shall be no subdivision of existing lots resulting in the separation of the well, septic tank or drainage field or replacement drainage field. (b) There shall be no subdivision of existing lots resulting in non-compliance development, health or safety issues, and no non-compliance condition shall be increased. (Note: For lots with existing septic tanks, evaluations of lots for septic tank installation are based on the size, configuration and soil types of the existing lot. Changes to this lot size or configuration could render the evaluation and subsequent permit invalid.) (c) Two or more existing contiguous lots combined under 1 ownership shall not be reduced in size if the reduction results in non-compliance development, health or safety requirements, nor shall any non-conformity be increased. (d) Exemptions to division (B)(6)(b) and (B)(6)(c) above; these prohibitions shall not apply if the lot is reduced as a direct result of acquisition or condemnation proceedings by the county, city or state. (e) There shall be no subdivision of an existing lot or lots resulting in an existing structure being located on parts of 2 or more lots. (7) Lots with constraints or unzoned parcels. (a) Minimum net lot area for property which is not zoned by the county or which has constraints shall be as follows. 1. Constrained lots are those on which 1 or more of the following characteristics are present on over 50% of the lot. 2. Partially constrained lots are those on which 1 or more of the following characteristics are present on over 25% of the lot but less than 50% of the lot. 3. Constraining characteristics of land: a. Slopes over 20%; b. Soils with a plasticity index greater than 48; or with rock within 3 feet of the surface; or with the water table within 1 foot of surface; c. Floodway or floodplain of 100-year flood; d. Wetlands; and e. Water Supply Watershed Protection Area 4. Table: Minimum Lot Size (In Square Feet) Partially Lot Characteristics Soils Report Constrained Constrained Unconstrained Supported Minimum Lot Size (In Square Feet) Partially Lot Characteristics Soils Report Constrained Constrained Unconstrained Supported WS-111-CA 43,560 43,560 43,560 WS-111-BW 35,000 35,000 35,000 WS-IV-PA 35,000 35,000 35,000 Public Water and Sewer 20,000 15,000 10,000 Only Public Sewer (Well or Community Well) 40,000 30,000 20,000 WS-111-CA 43,560 43,560 43,560 WS-111-BW 40,000 35,000 35,000 WS-IV-PA 40,000 35,000 35,000 Only Public Water 60,000 45,000 30,000 WS-111-CA 60,000 45,000 43,560 WS-111-BW 60,000 45,000 35,000 WS-IV-PA 60,000 45,000 35,000 Other Lots 80,000 60,000 40,000 down to 30,000* WS-111-CA 80,000 60,000 43,560 WS-111-BW 80,000 60,000 40,000 down to 35,000* WS-IV-PA 80,000 60,000 40,000 down to 35,000* NOTES TO TABLE: * - The Planning Director or his or her designee and the Vance County Department of Public Health may, in concert and only in full agreement, reduce the minimum lot size, where evidence is submitted to show, through use of soil testing by a certified soils scientist and/or other supportable data, that 40,000 square feet is in excess of the size required for adequate sewage disposal and where no proposed or existing well site would be jeopardized. The minimum lot size for construction in a Watershed Protection Area may be adjusted by whatever increment is judged appropriate by the Vance County Department of Public Health and the Planning Director or his or her designee. The minimum lot size shall not be reduced below 43,560 in Watershed Protection Areas with a WS-111-CA designation, below 35,000 in Watershed Protection Areas with a WS-111-BW or WS-IV-PA designation, below 30,000 square feet under any circumstances. No request for a reduction of lot size will be considered unless submitted with appropriate evidence. (b) All minimum lot sizes without public sewer are subject to a larger minimum where required by the Vance County Health Department. (8) Non-buildable lots. (See also divisions (A) and (B) of this section.) Nothing shall prevent the developer from creating non-buildable lots, provided they are clearly denoted as such on all plats and plans. (9) Oversized lots. Whenever a subdivision includes 1 or more lots of the size that they may eventually be re- subdivided into smaller lots, the developer may be required to dedicate rights-of-way for future roads to provide access to areas of potential re-subdivision. The Planning Board may allow the dedication to be waived where irreversible deed restrictions prohibiting the re-subdivision have been or will be recorded with the final plat. (10) Access to lots and driveways. (a) All driveways and driveway entrances shall conform to the NCDOT “Policy on Street and Driveway access to NC Highways” for that portion within the public right-of-way. (b) Driveways and driveway entrances onto approved private roads or private access easements shall require Vance County Planning Board approval. (c) No lot shall be created that is landlocked or that does not have permanent ingress or egress to the property. (d) Adequate access shall be provided to each lot, with a minimum driveway entrance width of 20 feet unless more is deemed necessary because of topographical conditions or street curvature. (e) There shall be a minimum of 20 feet between driveways except that 2 properties may share a driveway centered on the shared property line. (f) Development permits for a lot shall not be issued without ingress and egress shown on the plot plan and verification that vehicles shall be able to exit going forward. No occupancy permit shall be issued until the approved ingress and egress is constructed and operational. (g) Driveways crossing known flood hazard areas shall be elevated to or above the 100-year flood plain. Lots with driveways located within a Special Flood Hazard Area shall, prior to obtaining any development permits, make provisions for access to the property during times of flooding, prior to obtaining any development permits. (h) The size of driveway culverts allowed shall be based on calculation of the amount and velocity of flow of storm water in the channel. The minimum diameter shall be 15 inches. The ponding of additional storm water in a right-of-way, on individual property or the diversion of additional storm water to an adjoining property is expressly prohibited. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 408) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.098 BLOCKS. (A) Blocks. Where used or appropriate, the lengths, widths and shapes of blocks shall be determined with due regard to: (1) Provision of adequate building sites suitable to the special needs of the type of use contemplated; (2) Zoning requirements; (3) Needs for vehicular and pedestrian circulation; (4) Control and safety of street traffic; (5) Limitations and opportunities of topography; and (6) Convenient access to water areas. (B) Length. Blocks shall not be more than 1,320 feet in length. (C) Width. Blocks shall have sufficient width to allow 2 tiers of lots of minimum depth, except: (1) Where single tier lots are required to separate the subdivision from a street or road; (2) In nonresidential subdivisions for purposes of separating uses; or (3) Where abutting a water area. (D) Crosswalks. Where deemed necessary by the Planning Board, a pedestrian crosswalk at least 15 feet in width may be required to provide convenient public access to a public area such as: (1) A park or school; (2) A water area; or (3) Areas such as shopping centers, religious or transportation facilities. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 409) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.099 EASEMENTS. (A) Generally. Easements shall be provided as follows. (B) Easements provided. (1) Utility easements. Easements for underground utilities shall be centered on rear or side lot lines. (2) Drainage easements. Where a subdivision is traversed by a stream or drainage way, an easement shall be provided conforming with the lines of the stream and shall be of sufficient width as will be adequate for the purpose. (3) Floodplain easement. Where a portion of a subdivision is located in a floodplain, the floodplain shall be clearly designated on the plat in compliance with required “Flood Easement” statement listed in the Planning Department Policies and Procedures. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 410) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.100 MINIMUM SETBACKS. (A) Sewage facilities All sewage facilities shall be located 100 feet from any existing well or proposed new well. (B) Private road setbacks; minimum setback from private roads and private access easements. All buildings and principal uses shall have a setback of not less than 20 feet from the right-of-way line of any private road or private access easement. (C) Public road setbacks; minimum setback from public roads. All lots in areas of Vance County that are un-zoned shall have a minimum setback for all buildings and principal uses on a lot measured from the existing or proposed road right-of- way, or future expected road right-of-way for major thoroughfares, as follows: (1) Thirty feet for a road with a posted speed of 35 mph or less; (2) Forty feet for a road with a posted speed of 45 mph; (3) Fifty feet for a road having a posted speed above 45 mph; and (4) Fifty feet for a road not having a posted speed. (D) Minimum setback property lines. All lots shall provide a building setback of 20 feet from all property lines other than an existing or future road right-of-way line. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 411) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.101 PARKING. (A) The purpose of this section is to provide for adequate off-street parking for single-family residential developments and to maintain all roadways and entrances free of impediments to traffic. (B) (1) Each lot within the subdivision shall be of adequate shape and size to provide a minimum of 2 on-site parking spaces for each dwelling unit on the lot. (2) Each parking space shall have a minimum size of 9 feet by 19 feet for the exclusive use of residents and visitors of that lot. (C) No parking shall be provided for on private roads or at the entrances to subdivisions unless additional paved width to the road has been approved expressly for this purpose by the Planning Board and/or NCDOT as appropriate. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 412) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.102 RESIDENTIAL FENCING AND WALLS. (A) Generally. Except as otherwise noted in this chapter, fences or yard walls are permitted subject to the following regulations. (B) Regulations. (1) Barbed wire, razor wire or concertina wire is specifically not permitted. (2) No fencing or walls shall be allowed in the road right-of-way or in areas required for vehicular sight distance. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 413) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.103 NAMING OF A DEVELOPMENT. New development names shall not duplicate or closely approximate the names of existing or reserved subdivisions, apartment complexes, mobile home parks, roads, lanes, drives or streets, within the county, within municipalities in the county or in adjoining counties within 1 mile of Vance County. Naming of a development shall be subject to approval by the Vance County Board of Commissioners. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 414) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.104 IDENTIFICATION SIGN ALLOWED. (A) Size specifications. A sign not exceeding 32 square feet in area and 6 feet in height with indirect lighting shall be permitted. No animated, flashing or moving signs will be permitted. The sign must be clearly legible from 150 feet and shall not incorporate script in lieu of numbers. If illuminated, signs parallel to the road shall be lighted from the front side only and if perpendicular may be lighted from both sides. No lighting shall be directed toward the road. (B) Sign maintenance. Provisions for the maintenance of an identification sign, lighting equipment and landscaping shall be included in Home Owners Association Documents (see § 155.108) and submitted as part of the plat for approval of a subdivision. (C) DOT standards. All subdivision identification signs shall also conform to the NCDOT Subdivision Roads, Minimum Construction Standards. “The Division of Highways will review requests to erect subdivision name markers on an individual basis. The name markers may be allowed to be located within the State Highway System Secondary Road Rights-of-Way at the beginning of a subdivision road, provided the location of such is outside the line of sight and the normal maintenance limits. The name markers will be approved only at locations which will not sacrifice safety to the general traveling public. Approval to erect subdivision name markers will be with the following understanding.” (1) All costs will be the responsibility of the requestor. (2) The North Carolina Division of Highways will not maintain the marker or the area around the marker. (3) The markers will be removed if not properly maintained. (4) The Division Engineer may allow the subdivision name markers on secondary road rights-of-way after review on an individual basis. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 415) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.105 OTHER SIGNS. No signs shall be allowed in a road right-of-way or safe sight distances, except those approved by the North Carolina Department of Transportation and Vance County. No billboards or other off-site signs shall be permitted in a subdivision which would impair the delivery of emergency services, block house numbers, block street naming signs, block traffic control signage or impair traffic visibility. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 416) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.106 911 ADDRESS NUMBER REQUIRED TO BE POSTED. (A) Address. Each lot shall be clearly numbered with 4-inch letters on a contrasting background on a permanent monument or marker at the intersection of the front yard line and the road ROW. The house number shall be readily identifiable by emergency personnel. The use of script in lieu of numeric characters is specifically prohibited. (B) Temporary address signs. An all-weather temporary sign, visible from the road at all times, may be used. The developer shall be responsible for maintaining the numbering on the lot until final occupancy is granted. (1) Each structure within a subdivision shall be clearly numbered on the structure. (2) No structure within a subdivision may be occupied until the provisions in division (A) above have been met. (3) The owner shall be responsible for maintaining the numbering on the structure and the monument or marker. (4) (a) All mail receptacles shall have the structure or dwelling numbers posted with 2-inch letters on a contrasting background. (b) The use of script in lieu of numeric characters is specifically prohibited. Maintenance shall be the responsibility of the homeowner. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 417) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.107 CEMETERIES. (A) A subdivision shall provide permanent public access to any existing cemetery within the boundaries of the subdivision. (B) If there is no other access, any existing cemetery located on land adjacent to a proposed subdivision must be provided adequate access. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 418) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.108 HOME OWNER’S ASSOCIATIONS. (A) Establishment of owner’s association. (1) Creation. An owner’s association shall be established in compliance with the North Carolina Condominium Act or to accept conveyance and maintenance of common areas and facilities within a development. (2) Conveyance. All common areas or facilities, except rights-of-way and other areas dedicated to the jurisdiction, shall be conveyed by the subdivider or developer to the owner’s association. (3) Subdivision or conveyance of common area. Common areas shall not be subdivided or conveyed to the Owner’s Association unless a revised plat is submitted to and approved by the Planning Board. (4) Owner’s association not required. Developments involving only 2 units attached by a party wall shall be permitted to have an owners agreement in lieu of a home owner’s association concerning the maintenance of the party wall. (B) Submission of owner’s association declaration. A copy of proposed bylaws covering covenants and restraints shall be submitted with the final plat prior to approval. (1) Existence before any conveyance. The owner’s association declaration shall be organized and in legal existence prior to the conveyance, lease-option or other long-term transfer of control of any unit or lot in the development. (2) Membership. Membership in the owner’s association shall be mandatory for each original purchaser and each successive purchaser of a lot or unit. Provisions shall be made for the assimilation of owners in subsequent sections of the development. (3) Owner’s association declaration. The owner’s association declaration shall contain the following items. (a) Responsibilities of owner’s association. The owner’s association declaration shall state that the association is responsible for: 1. The payment of premiums for liability insurance and local taxes; 2. Maintenance of recreational and/or other facilities located on the common areas; and 3. Payment of assessments for public and private improvements made to or for the benefit of the common areas (b) Default of owner’s association. 1. In the event of failure of the owner’s association to pay jurisdictional assessments for public improvements or ad valorem taxes levied against the common areas with the default continuing for 6 months or more, each individual owner shall be personally obligated to pay his or her portion of the due amount. 2. The amount due, determined by dividing the number of lots into the amount owed, shall be paid within 30 days following receipt of notice. 3. Failure of the owner to pay the amount due, his or her heirs, devisees, personal representatives or assigns to, shall result in a property lien on his or her parcel and may result in foreclosure of the lien against the owner’s property. (c) Powers of the association. Failure of a property owner, subject to the owner’s association to pay expenses due, shall constitute a lien on the property. (d) Easements and rights of access and use. Easements over the common areas for access, ingress and egress from and to public streets and walkways and easements for enjoyment of the common areas, and for parking, shall be granted to each lot owner. (e) Maintenance and restoration. The owner’s association shall establish and adopt provisions for common area maintenance and restoration in the event of destruction or damage. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 419) § 155.109 BOAT DOCKS. (A) Subdivisions with access allowed by the US Corps of Engineer on Kerr Lake shall have at least 1 dedicated roadway to the lake for use by all owners within the subdivision. Construction and maintenance shall comply with USCOE requirements and shall minimize the disturbance to existing shoreline and adjacent lands. (B) The use of high wattage spotlights, flashing lights or other intrusive lighting system is expressly prohibited. No straight pipe restroom facilities may be constructed in conjunction with any development on land adjoining the Kerr Lake. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 420) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.110 CONSTRUCTION ASSURANCES FOR MINOR SUBDIVISIONS. Refer to §§ 155.145 et seq. for construction assurance requirements. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 421) § 155.111 MINOR SUBDIVISION APPLICATION FORMS AND REQUIREMENTS. Check lists, forms, certifications, statements, construction plan requirements and applications for minor subdivisions are listed in the policies and procedures document for the Vance County Planning and Development. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 422) FOR MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS § 155.125 PURPOSE. The purpose of this subchapter is to establish procedures for orderly review, processing and action on major subdivisions. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 501) § 155.126 GENERALLY. The Vance County Planning Board has the right and responsibility to review, require revisions and changes in any proposed subdivision for the purpose of: (A) Relieve adverse impacts on public safety, health and welfare; (B) Determine that adequate and sustainable utilities and services are available for the development; (C) Protect public investments in roads, drainage facilities, sewage facilities and public water supplies; (D) Preserve the value of land and development; and (E) Assure that the regulations of Vance County are upheld. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 502) § 155.127 APPROVAL REQUIRED. No permits for construction, clearing or grading of any new or expansion of existing subdivisions shall be issued until a subdivision plat has been submitted, reviewed and approved per the requirements of this chapter. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 503) § 155.128 PRE-SUBMITTAL CONFERENCE AND CONCEPT PLAN SUBMITTAL AND REVIEW. A developer may request a “pre-submittal” conference with the Planning Department and/or Technical Review Committee regarding the development of a proposed subdivision. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 504) § 155.129 COMPLETION OF DEVELOPMENT IN PHASES. A subdivision may be developed in phases, provided that: (A) Each phase contains at least 6 lots, unless shown on a phasing plan approved by the Planning Board as part of the preliminary subdivision plan; (B) A phasing plan showing the phases of development and the requirements of this chapter that will be satisfied in each phase is either approved as part of the preliminary plan or in conjunction with approvals of both the construction plat and final plat; (C) The number of lots and amount of any required open space in the phase and any previously approved phases is at least proportional to the portion of the subdivision site area within the phase(s); and (D) The degree and extent of road, water supply, sewage disposal, storm water management, erosion and sedimentation control and other required improvements in the phase and previously approved phases is sufficient to serve or handle all development within the phase(s). (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 505) Penalty, see § 10.99 § 155.130 SUBDIVISION APPLICATION FORMS AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS. The following items are presented in checklist form and constitute the application requirements for: (A) Conceptual plan checklist; and (B) Major subdivision: (1) Preliminary plat checklist; (2) Construction plan checklist; (3) Final plat checklist; and (4) Required certification statements. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 506) § 155.131 IMPROVEMENTS, DEDICATIONS, EASEMENTS AND MINIMUM STANDARDS OF DESIGN REQUIRED. Each subdivision shall contain the improvements specified in this subchapter, which shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of this chapter. Land shall be dedicated, reserved or easements provided in each subdivision as specified in this subchapter. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 507) Penalty, see § 10.99 BONDS AND ASSURANCES § 155.145 CONSTRUCTION ASSURANCES. (A) In the event that the required improvements have not been completed prior to the submission to the Planning Board of the final plat for a major subdivision, or the submission of a minor subdivision plat for signature and recording, the developer shall guarantee the completion of the required improvements in an amount equal to 150% of the estimated cost of the improvements, conditional upon completion within a reasonable period of time and to the satisfaction of the Board of County Commissioners. (1) One of the following methods may be pursued by the developer to ensure the installation of the improvements: (a) Filing a performance or surety bond in an amount approved by the Board of County Commissioners; (b) Depositing or placing in escrow a certified check or cash in an amount satisfactory to the Board of County Commissioners; or (c) Furnishing an irrevocable letter of credit guaranteeing payment to Vance County in the event of default. (2) Neither a bond, irrevocable letter of credit, nor certified check in escrow shall be required if the developer proves that he or she has paid the utility company(s) the amount of money needed to install the utilities in a timely manner. (3) Neither a bond, irrevocable letter of credit nor certified check in escrow shall be required of the developer if the utility company(s) state in writing that the utilities will be installed at no cost to the developer nor new lot owner(s). (B) When the required improvements have been completed to the satisfaction of the appropriate agencies and the subdivision ordinance, the Planning Director shall make a request in writing to the County Manager to release the bond, letter of credit or funds from escrow. (C) The approval of a final plat pursuant to regulations adopted herein shall not be deemed to constitute or effect the acceptance by the county, any governmental unit or public body of the dedication of any street or other ground, public utility line or other public facility shown on the plat. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 601) WORD USAGE AND DEFINITIONS § 155.160 USAGE. (A) Unless the context clearly indicates to the contrary, words used in the present tense include the future tense and words used in the singular include the plural. (B) In general, words and terms used in these standards shall have their customary dictionary meanings; except as defined in the following section or unless they are used in context so as to indicate otherwise. (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 701) § 155.161 DEFINITIONS. (A) Meaning of common words. (1) All words used in the present tense include future tense. (2) All words used in the plural include the singular, and all words used in the singular include the plural. (3) All words used in the masculine gender include the feminine gender. (4) The words “shall” or “will” are mandatory, and the word “may” is permissive. (5) The word “building” includes the word “structure.” (6) The word “lot” includes the words “plot,” “parcel” and “tract.” (7) The word “person” includes a “firm,” “association,” “organization,” “partnership,” “trust,” “company” or “corporation” as well as an “individual.” (B) Words and terms defined. For the purpose of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning. ABUTTING PROPERTY. For public notice purposes, any lot which is physically contiguous with the lot in question, even if only at a point, and any lot which is located directly across a street or right-of-way. Also ADJOINING, ADJACENT or CONTIGUOUS. ACCESS EASEMENT. An easement which grants the right to cross property. See also “private access easement.” BALANCE AREA (WATERSHED). Area of watershed other than critical area. BUILDING. Any structure having a roof supported by walls or columns constructed or used for a residence, business, industry or other private or public purposes. BUILT UPON AREA. Built upon areas shall include that portion of a development project that is covered by impervious or partially impervious cover including buildings, pavement, gravel roads, recreation facilities (e.g., tennis courts), and the like. (Note: wooden slatted decks and the water area of a swimming pool are considered pervious.) CONSTRUCTION ASSURANCE. A financial instrument that guarantees to the county that the public improvements required to be constructed as part of an approved subdivision will either be constructed by the subdivision developer or that the county shall have sufficient funds in the form of a financial instrument to complete the required public improvements if the subdivision developer does not. CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS (PLANS). Drawings showing the location, profile grades, size and type of drains, sewers, water mains, underground fire alarm ducts, underground power ducts, and underground telephone ducts, pavements, cross-section of streets, miscellaneous structures, and the like. CONTIGUOUS LOT. For the purposes of these regulations, a lot shall be considered to be contiguous with another lot if the lot adjoins or is coterminous with another lot at any point or line. COUNTY. Refers to Vance County, North Carolina. CRITICAL AREA (WATERSHED). The area located within 1/2 mile of and draining to water supplies as measured from the normal pool elevation of reservoirs, or 1/2 mile of and draining to a river intake. DEDICATION. A gift, by the owner, of his or her property to another party without any consideration being given for the transfer. The DEDICATION is made by written instrument and is completed with an acceptance. DEVELOPER. Any person, firm, trust, partnership, association or corporation engaged in development, or proposed development, of a subdivision. DEVELOPMENT. Any manmade change to improved or unimproved real estate, including, but not limited to, buildings or other structures, mining, dredging, filling, grading, paving, excavations, or drilling operations or storage of equipment or materials. DEVELOPMENT PERMIT. A document issued by the Planning Department for an individual lot, which identifies ownership, geographical information, physical attributes (size and configuration), source of water, method of sewage disposal, road access information, existing improvements and proposed improvements. This document specifies the conditions under which proposed improvements can occur. DRIVEWAY. A private entrance from a road or right-of-way to a lot, building or buildings on same or abutting grounds. The DRIVEWAY itself shall not constitute the means of legal access to a lot. EASEMENT. A grant of 1 or more property rights, by the property owner, to, or for use by, another, the public, a corporation or other entities. The authorization of a property owner for the use by another, for a specified purpose, of any designated part of his or her property. ENGINEER. Professional Engineer licensed by the State of North Carolina. FLOODPLAIN. Area designated by FEMA as 1% (flood danger is 1 year in 100 years) and as 5% (flood danger is 1 year in 500 years). FRONT OR STREET SETBACK. A line parallel to the street in front of which no structure shall be erected. IMPERVIOUS SURFACE. A surface composed of any material that impedes or prevents natural infiltration of water into the soil. INTERIOR SETBACK. A setback from any property line not alongside a street. LOT. A portion of a subdivision or any other parcel of land intended as a unit for transfer of ownership, or for development or both. The word LOT includes PLOT, PARCEL or TRACT. LOT, BUILDABLE or ZONE LOT. One or more lots of record in 1 undivided ownership with sufficient total area, exclusive of easements, flood hazards, well and septic tank fields; sufficient total dimensions; and access to permit construction thereon of a principal building together with its required parking and planting yards. LOT(S), CONSTRAINED. A lot on which 1 or more of the following characteristics are present on over 50% of the lot: (a) Slopes over 20%; (b) Soils with a plasticity index greater than 48; or with rock within 3 feet of the surface; or with water table within 1 foot of surface; (c) Floodway or floodplain of the FEMA 100-year flood of record; (d) Wetlands; and/or (e) Water Supply Watershed Protection Area. LOT CORNER. A lot abutting 2 or more streets at their intersection. LOT DEPTH. The distance measured along the perpendicular bisector of the smallest possible rectangle enclosing the lot. LOT OF RECORD. A lot, plot, parcel or tract recorded in the office of the Register of Deeds in conformance with the ordinance(s) in effect at the time of recordation. LOT(S), PARTIALLY CONSTRAINED. A lot on which 1 or more of the following characteristics are present on more than 25% of the lot but less than 50% of the lot: (a) Slopes over 20%; (b) Soils with plasticity index greater than 48; or with rock within 3 feet of the surface; or with water table within 1 foot of surface; (c) Floodway or floodplain of the FEMA 100-year flood of record; (d) Wetlands; and/or (e) Water Supply Watershed Protection Area. LOT WIDTH. The mean width measured at right angles to its depth at the building line. MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING. A written document prepared by the Subdivision Administrator after the Technical Review Board makes a recommendation to the Planning Board on a Preliminary Subdivision Plat. This document shall contain a record of those modifications to the application that the applicant or the applicant’s agent has agreed to at the Technical Review Board meeting and any further approval conditions or reasons for recommending denial of the application acted upon by the Technical Review Committee. NET LOT AREA. The area of a lot not containing public road rights-of-way, private road rights-of-way, private or public access easements or other similar easements which do not allow use of the land for other purposes (such as the location of a house or septic drainage field, and the like). NEW PRIVATE ROAD. Construction of a vehicular right-of-way and street or road where no road currently exist and not intended for dedication to or maintenance by NCDOT or other appropriate public agency. NON-CONFORMING LOT. A lot which is now prohibited under the terms of this chapter, but was lawful at the date of this chapter’s enactment, or any amendment or revision thereto. OWNER. Any holder of any legal or equitable estate in the premises, whether alone or jointly with others, and whether in possession or not. PERSON. Includes a firm, association, organization, partnership, trust, company, limited liability company or corporation, as well as an individual. PLANNING BOARD. The Planning Board of Vance County. PLANNING DEPARTMENT. The Planning Department of Vance County. PLOT PLAN. A plan of an individual lot, prepared to a scale (1 inch = 40 feet through 1 inch = 100 feet), showing the following information accurately with dimensioning: (a) The boundaries of a site; (b) Minimum building setback lines; (c) The location of all buildings, structures and uses; (d) The location of proposed driveways and on-site vehicle storage and turnaround facilities; and (e) The proposed location any wells and septic fields including primary repair/replacement fields. PRINCIPAL BUILDING or PRINCIPAL STRUCTURE. A building or structure in which is conducted the principal use of the lot on which it is located. Any dwelling is considered a PRINCIPAL BUILDING. PRIVATE ACCESS EASEMENT. A vehicular right-of-way granted and recorded with the Register of Deeds providing for permanent ingress and egress across 1 lot to another on which the owner(s) of the property containing the easement shall not erect any temporary or permanent structures other than those structures necessary for management of storm water drainage. PRIVATE ROAD. A vehicular right-of-way and street or road not intended for dedication to or maintenance by NCDOT or other appropriate public agency. PROTECTED AREA (WATERSHED). The area located within 5 miles and draining to water supplies as measured from the normal pool elevation of reservoirs, or 10 miles upstream of and draining to a river intake. However, in some cases, the PROTECTED AREA can encompass the entire drainage area. PUBLIC ROAD. A dedicated public right-of-way for vehicular traffic which has been accepted by NCDOT for maintenance, or is not yet accepted, but in which the roadway design and construction have been approved under public standards for vehicular traffic. Alleys are specifically excluded. PUBLIC SEWER. A system which provides for the collection and treatment of sanitary sewage from more than 1 property and is owned and operated by a government organization or sanitary district. PUBLIC WATER. A system which provides distribution of potable water for more than property and is owned and operated by a government organization or utility district. REAR SETBACK. A setback from an interior property line lying on the opposite side of the lot from the front or street setback. REGISTER OF DEEDS. Vance County Register of Deeds. RESERVATION. Reservation of land does not involve any transfer of property rights. It constitutes an obligation to keep property free from development for a stated period of time. RE-SUBDIVISION. The division of an existing subdivision or any change of lot size therein or the relocation of any street or lot in a subdivision. RIGHT-OF-WAY. A strip of land occupied or intended to be occupied by a travelway for vehicles and also available, with the consent of the appropriate governmental agency, for installation and maintenance of sidewalks, traffic control devices, traffic signs, street name signs, historical marker signs, water lines, sanitary sewer lines, storm sewer lines, gas lines, power lines and communication lines. ROAD/STREET. For the purposes of this chapter, the words ROAD and STREET shall have the same meaning and are interchangeable. SETBACK. The horizontal distance between a structure or activity and a property line, road right-of-way line or road centerline should the centerline of a road right-of-way be used to measure minimum required setbacks. SIDE SETBACK. Any interior property line setback other than a rear setback. SHALL. When used in this chapter, it is intended to indicate a mandatory requirement. SIGHT DISTANCE EASEMENT. An easement which grants to the appropriate government body or agency the right to maintain unobstructed view across property located at a street or lane intersection. SLOPE. An inclined ground surface, the inclination of which is expressed as a ratio of horizontal distance to vertical distance, commonly expressed as “two to one” (2:1). SOIL SCIENTIST. A person who practices soil science and is licensed in accordance with the North Carolina General Statutes. SOLID WASTE. Garbage, refuse and other discarded solid materials. STRUCTURE. Anything constructed, erected or placed. SUBDIVIDER. Any person, firm, corporation or official agent thereof, who subdivides or develops any land deemed to be a subdivision. SUBDIVISION. For purposes of this chapter, the term SUBDIVISION shall mean the division of a tract or parcel of land into 2 or more lots, building sites or other divisions for the purpose of sale or building development (whether immediate or future), and includes all division of land involving the dedication of a new street or a change in existing streets; however, the following are not included within this definition and are not subject to any subdivision approval regulations in this chapter: (a) The combination or recombination of a portion of previously subdivided and recorded lots if the total number of lots is not increased, and the resultant lots are equal to or exceed the standards of this chapter; (b) The division of land into parcels greater than 10 acres if not street right-of-way dedication is involved; (c) The public acquisition by purchase of strips of land for the widening or opening of streets; and (d) The division of a tract in single ownership, the entire area of which is not greater than 2 acres, into not more than 3 lots, if no street right-of-way dedication is involved, and if the resultant lots are equal to or exceed the standards of this chapter. SUBDIVISION ADMINISTRATOR. The Vance County Planning Director. SUBDIVISION, MAJOR. Any subdivision other than a minor subdivision, including all subdivisions of land for which a non-residential use is proposed. SUBDIVISION, MINOR. A subdivision pursuant to this chapter to be used only for single-family detached residential uses where the lots may have access to an existing public road, or an existing private road, or a proposed Class 1 Private Road, or a proposed Class 2 Private Road (accessed by 7 or fewer lots), or a private access easement (accessed by 4 or fewer lots) (see definition of “private road” and “private access easement” and this chapter for standards) and where the proposed subdivision does not: (a) Create more than 7 lots (6 new lots) from any 1 tract of land, whether the lots are created at 1 time or over an extended period of time, regardless of changes in ownership; (b) Dedicate or improve any new public roads; (c) Adversely affect the development potential of the remainder of the parcel or of adjoining property by virtue of unreasonably limiting access or limiting adequate drainage; (d) Preclude reasonable access to the remainder of the tract of land being subdivided via the future use of a 60 feet wide public or private street (25 feet if 60 feet is not available); (e) Preclude safe public or private road access to adjoining tracts of land; and (f) Propose lots entirely or substantially located in a flood hazard area as defined by Chapter 153. SUBDIVISION PLAT, FINAL. The final drawings on which a plan of subdivision is presented to the Vance County Planning Board for approval and which, if approved, shall be filed for recording with the Vance County Register of Deeds. The fully executed, signed final plat shall be filed in Register of Deeds office within 60 days of the date of approval in order to retain approval status. SUBDIVISION PLAT, MINOR. The drawings on which a plan of a minor subdivision is presented to the Vance County Planning Board for approval and which, if approved, shall be filed for recording with the Vance County Register of Deeds. SUBDIVISION PLAT, PRELIMINARY. The preliminary drawings indicating all existing conditions relating to a site and a plan prepared in accordance this chapter. Sufficient detail and sufficient accuracy shall be used in the preparation of the plan of the existing physical characteristics of the project property, the proposed changes in those characteristics, or proposed uses of the project property to enable a full and comprehensive review of the proposed development and the proposed layout of the subdivision to be submitted to the Planning Board for its consideration. THOROUGHFARE PLAN FOR VANCE COUNTY. A systematic study of the Thoroughfare Road System in Vance County which identifies existing and future deficiencies in the road system and identifies the need for any new facilities. These needs and deficiencies are then brought forward as projects to be placed before the North Carolina Department of Transportation for funding consideration. If the deficiency or need is recognized as a priority it will be included in the 5-year Transportation Improvement Plan and scheduled for state funding. Projects not identified in the Thoroughfare Plan are not considered for funding. TRACT OR PARCEL OF LAND. All contiguous land and bodies of water in 1 ownership, or contiguous land and bodies of water in diverse ownership, being developed as a unit, although not necessarily all at 1 time. USE. The purpose or activity for which land or structures is designed, arranged or intended, or for which land or structures are occupied or maintained. UTILITY EASEMENT. An easement that grants the governing body or other utility providers the right to install and thereafter maintain any and all utilities including, but not limited to, water lines, sewer lines, septic tank drain fields, storm sewer lines, electrical power lines, telephone lines, natural gas lines and community antenna television systems. VANCE COUNTY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ROAD SYSTEM; FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION. The following are functional classifications used to determine design speed, right-of-way width, sight distance, access policy and other design and development criteria: (a) Interstate highways (I-85); (b) Major thoroughfares, including the following categories: 1. Arterial roads: a. Principal arterial - serves primarily substantial statewide or interstate travel. This system consists of all non- interstate principal arterial roads (typical speeds of 55 mph or higher); and b. Minor arterial - serves primarily through traffic movements in the county (typical speeds of 45 to 55 mph). 2. Collector roads: a. Major collector - serves primarily intra-county travel. The major collectors supplement the arterial system by providing an interconnecting network between smaller population centers and the arterial system (typical speeds of 45 to 55 mph); b. Minor collector - collects traffic from local roads and brings all developed areas within reasonable distance of a collector road (typical speeds of 45 to 55 mph); and c. Unclassified collectors - all major or minor collectors that have not yet been assigned a functional classification (typical speeds of 45 to 55 mph). (c) Minor thoroughfares; local roads: 1. Residential subdivision road - a road which serves primarily to provide access to abutting property, over relatively short distances (typical speeds of 25 to 30 mph); 2. Residential collector road - a road which serves as the connecting system between local residential subdivision roads and collectors, but which also may provide direct access to abutting properties (typical speeds of 25 to 35 mph); and 3. Subdivision access road - a road built through vacant property to provide access to a subdivision. This road would not have lots platted along it (see this chapter for application). WAIVER. Permission to depart from the literal requirements of this chapter, when, in the opinion of the Planning Board, the literal application of the requirements of this chapter create an undue hardship on the owner of the property and where the public health, safety and welfare interest of the public can be served as well or better by alternative means. WATERSHED. The entire land area contributing surface drainage to specific point (e.g., the water supply intake.) (Ord. passed 6-7-2004, § 702) CHAPTER 158: ADDRESSING AND ROAD NAMING Section General Provisions 158.01 Title 158.02 Purpose 158.03 Authority 158.04 Jurisdiction 158.05 Application 158.06 Administration 158.07 Definitions Roadway Naming Procedures 158.20 Names 158.21 New names 158.22 Application process for new roadway names 158.23 Roadway suffixes 158.24 Roadway directionals 158.25 Renaming procedures and requirements 158.26 Notice of roadway name assignment or changes 158.27 Installation of roadway signs Street Numbering and Address Assignment 158.40 Rules and guidelines 158.41 Guidelines for numbering and renumbering street addresses 158.42 Posting of street address numbers 158.43 Notice of final address change Violations and Enforcement 158.55 Violations and enforcement Appeals and Amendments 158.65 Appeals 158.66 Amendments § 158.01 TITLE. This ordinance shall be known as the "Addressing and Road Naming Ordinance of Vance County, North Carolina," and may be referred to as the "Addressing Ordinance". (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.02 PURPOSE. (A) The purpose of this chapter is to protect the safety and welfare of the general public through the orderly assignment of structure addresses to facilitate the location of and access to individual dwellings and businesses by emergency response personnel. (B) This chapter shall establish a uniform system of road naming and renaming along both public and private roadways to ensure road names are not phonetically or visually similar or duplicated. It also establishes a uniform system of addressing and numbering all houses and buildings while establishing a process for changing existing addresses and roadway names to improve emergency response to all parts of the county. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.03 AUTHORITY. This chapter is hereby adopted under the authority and provisions of G.S. §§ 153A-238, 153A-239.1(a) and 147-54.7, and the police powers of the county to protect the health, safety and welfare of its citizens. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.04 JURISDICTION. The provisions and regulations provided by this chapter shall apply within the ordinance- making jurisdiction of Vance County. Enforcement of this chapter within a municipal jurisdiction shall require an intergovernmental agreement between said municipality and the County of Vance. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.05 APPLICATION. It shall be unlawful for any person(s) without the written consent of Vance County to: (A) Name or designate the name of any roadway subject to this chapter; (B) Number or assign a number to any structure in violation of this chapter; or (C) Erect any roadway name sign, remove, deface, damage, or obscure any number or sign in the jurisdiction of this chapter. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.06 ADMINISTRATION. (A) The Vance County Board of Commissioners hereby assigns primary authority and responsibility for addressing of roadways as directed by the provisions of this chapter to the Addressing Coordinator. In accordance with the general direction of the Vance County Commissioners, County Manager and County GIS Administrator, it shall be the duty of the Addressing Coordinator to prepare and maintain the address database for the entire county and to assign new addresses when a new building is built, or for any reason a number is required. It shall be the duty of the Addressing Coordinator from time to time, and upon request, to review roadway number assignments, resolve conflicts in address numbering, reassign numbers or propose any changes which, in his/her opinion, are necessary for the public safety, welfare and mail delivery. This includes any authorized staff representative acting on the Coordinator's behalf, and hereby assigns primary responsibility for all activities necessary for the implementation, enforcement, interpretation and administration of this chapter to the Addressing Coordinator. (B) The County GIS Administrator shall maintain the database required for the implementation of the aforementioned maps. Requests or petitions for changing street names will be filed with the Addressing Coordinator who will then transmit such requests to the necessary departments for approval. (C) The Addressing Coordinator in addition to the other responsibilities set forth herein shall: (1) Keep a record of the date, copy of the notation, and the address to which the new address was assigned; (2) Ensure that all streets which require naming have street identification signs, and that all signs are uniform in construction, that all signs are placed at proper locations and properly installed, and that all signs that are either destroyed or lost are reinstalled in a timely manner; (3) Compile a database of fiscal addresses for each property or building in conjunction with the County Tax Department; and (4) Compile the Master Street Address Guide (MSAG) as required for the E911 Database. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.07 DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this chapter, the following definitions shall apply unless the context clearly indicates or requires a different meaning. ADDRESSING COORDINATOR. The employee of Vance County charged with the administration of this chapter. BUILDING. Any structure having a roof supported by columns or by walls, and intended for shelter, housing or enclosure of persons, animals, chattels or equipment. For the purposes of this chapter, the term "building" may also include other man- made structures. DRIVEWAY. A private way, beginning at the property line of a lot abutting a public road, private road, easement or private right-of-way, giving access from that public road, recorded easement, recorded private road or private right-of-way, and leading to a building or use of structure on that lot. HOUSE NUMBER. Number assigned to any house, residence, dwelling, business, warehouse, or other structure or property in a sequential manner. MAILING ADDRESS. Designation assigned or used by the U.S. Postal Service for the purpose of delivery of the U.S. Mail. Mailing address may or may not be identical to property address. MOBILE HOME. A portable manufactured housing unit designed for transportation on its own chassis and placement on a temporary or semi-permanent foundation having a measurement of 32 feet or more in length and eight feet or more in width. As used in this chapter, MOBILE HOME also means a double-wide mobile home which is two or more portable manufactured housing units designed for transportation on their own chassis, which connect on site for placement on a temporary or semi-permanent foundation having a measurement of 32 feet or more in length and eight feet or more in width. MOBILE HOME PARK. The land leased or rented, being used or proposed to be used by mobile homes occupied for dwelling or sleeping purposes. MOBILE HOME SPACE. Any parcel of ground within a mobile home park designed for the exclusive use of one mobile home. MULTIPLE HOUSING COMPLEX. Any structures built to include more than one dwelling unit under a single roof to include apartment buildings, condominiums, townhomes or any other similar construction. PRIVATE MOBILE HOME PARK ROAD. Any street, roadway or driveway which serves two or more mobile homes for residential purposes, and which has not been dedicated to the public use. PUBLIC STREET. A street located on public right-of-way and which meets the total improvement requirements for a public street as set forth by the North Carolina Department of Transportation in its publication "Subdivision Roads - Minimum Construction Standards". PRIVATE STREET. A street not maintained by the North Carolina Department of Transportation which is not intended to become a public street but which shall be used for access to a particular site, group development or business. PROPERTY ADDRESS. The assigned number and roadway name shall serve as the property address. ROADWAY. Any road, street, drive, lane, cart way, tram way, easement, right-of-way, access area, thoroughfare, highway, boulevard, or any other corridor used for or having the potential use as a means of conveyance by a motor vehicle. STATE ROAD NUMBER. The number assigned by the North Carolina Department of Transportation; also known as the SR number for secondary state maintained roads. STREET/ROAD NAME The official name of any roadway, designated by the Board of Commissioners or, in the case of public roads, by the North Carolina Department of Transportation. SUFFIX. The identifier following a road name, avenue, boulevard, circle, court, drive, highway, lane, loop, parkway, place, point, road, run, square, street, terrace, trace, trail or way. TRAVEL TRAILER. A vehicular portable structure less than 32 feet in length primarily designed as a temporary dwelling for travel, recreation or vacation uses. TRAVEL TRAILER PARK. A parcel of land designed and equipped to accommodate travel trailers. VANCE COUNTY MASTER STREET ADDRESS GUIDE (MSAG). A complete list for all Vance County roadways containing the names, addresses and emergency providers. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) ROADWAY NAMING PROCEDURES § 158.20 NAMES. The names of roadways currently in place and listed in the current Master Street Address Guide (MSAG) that are located within the jurisdiction of Vance County, shall be assigned/changed in accordance with this chapter. A copy of this chapter and a list of street names shall be forwarded to the Department of Transportation pursuant to G.S. § 153A-239.1. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.21 N EW NAMES. (A) No new roadways shall be named without review of the Addressing Coordinator. In the event a roadway name is denied, a written explanation as to why the name was denied will be provided. (B) Any new name shall not be duplicative or be phonetically similar to any other name in the Vance County MSAG, including municipalities located within Vance County. (C) Directional names cannot be part of any name (e.g. Westover Rd or Northfield Dr are not acceptable). (D) Abbreviations in the name cannot be used except for the following: Mt for Mount, St for Saint. (E) Name suffixes may not be used as part of a name (e.g. Deer Run Dr or Eagle Way Ct are not acceptable). (F) Alternate spelling and homonyms (dear and deer) are not acceptable. Additionally, all names must use the common spelling as found in a standard dictionary. (G) Names must not contain any punctuation or symbols. Only letters of the alphabet and blank spaces may be included in names. (H) Names that are numbers must be expressed spelled out and not numeric (e.g. Second Street is acceptable, not 2nd Street). State and federal highways numbered are not to be used as names. (I) Roadways shall be required to be named when providing vehicular access to apartment complexes, mobile home parks, or two or more parcels. (J) Street names, not including the suffix, must be limited to a maximum of 15 characters. (K) Only one name may be assigned along a continuous roadway. Where permanent breaks exist, a new name must be assigned to each segment. A permanent break may consist of, but is not limited to, a river or stream where continuous access is not available between the two segments without using another street. (L) The applicant for new roadway names shall be responsible for the sign costs as established by the county fee schedule. These fees, once paid, are non-refundable. Roadway signs shall be required at each intersection with another named roadway and shall be placed in accordance with the latest edition of the Manual of Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.22 APPLICATION PROCESS FOR NEW ROADWAY NAMES. The initial naming of new roadways shall be assigned upon the recordation of an approved subdivision plat in accordance with the Vance County Subdivision Ordinance. The following items shall be included on any map submitted for subdivision approval which creates a new roadway: (A) The name proposed for each roadway identified on the map; and (B) Completed Vance County application for new road name. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.23 ROADWAY SUFFIXES. The following name suffixes and their official abbreviations may be used in the naming of new roadways: (A) AVE = Avenue. Any thoroughfare that is continuous and not limited to a single subdivision; (B) BLVD = Boulevard. Roadway with a landscaped median dividing the roadway; (C) CIR = Circle; (D) CT = Court - Dead-end roadway or a roadway terminating in a cul-de-sac no longer than 600 feet. (E) DR = Drive. For a curving, continuous thoroughfare. (F) HWY = Highway. State, interstate, or federal highway. (G) LN = Lane. A minor roadway; (H) LOOP = Loop. Roadway that loops around and terminated onto itself; (I) PKWY = Parkway. Collector or arterial roadway with a raised median; (J) PL = Place. Permanently dead-end roadway ending in a cul-de-sac, no longer than 660 feet; (K) PT = Point. Roadway adjacent to a waterway; (L) RD = Road. Any thoroughfare that is continuous and found mainly in the rural area of any county; (M) RUN = Run. A straight roadway in an undeveloped area; (N) SQ = Square. Central Square set up for centralized development; (O) ST = Street. Any thoroughfare that is continuous and used mainly in city and town; (P) TER = Terrace. Curvilinear roadway of less than a 1,000 feet; (Q) TRC = Trace. Small community roadway; (R) TRL = Trail. Roadway serving as a collector for one or more local thoroughfares; and (S) WAY = Way. A curvilinear roadway. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.24 ROADWAY DIRECTIONALS. Roadway directionals can be used with the approval of the Addressing Coordinator based on the following standards: (A) Directions must be placed ahead of the street name in a separate field separate from the street name (for example, E Smith St). (B) Directionals cannot be used as a suffix or placed after the street name. (C) Directionals must be used in a complimenting set. If a North directional is used there must also be a South directional. If an East directional is used their must be a West directional. (D) The prefix "N" (for North) shall be used for the northern portion of roadways having the same name. (E) The prefix "S" (for South) shall be used for the southern portion of roadways having the same name. (F) The prefix "E" (for East) shall be used for the eastern portion of roadways having the same name. (G) The prefix "W" (for West) shall be used for the western portion of roadways having the same name. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.25 RENAMING PROCEDURES AND REQUIREMENTS. (A) (1) Property owners who want to have the name of a roadway changed shall submit a petition to the Addressing Coordinator. The petition shall comply with this chapter and include the following: (a) Existing roadway name; (b) Proposed new name in accordance with this chapter; (c) Basis why the petitioner is requesting the change; (d) List of all individuals owning property adjacent to the subject roadway or whose driveway abuts the subject roadway; and (e) Signatures from 75% of those individuals listed in division (A)(1)(d) above which must encompass 75% of the roadway frontage. (2) Upon receiving a completed petition, the Addressing Coordinator shall verify the information submitted in the petition and shall inform the County Manager of the pending petition and need for Board of Commissioners action pursuant to G.S. § 153A-239.1 or its replacement, along with a recommendation of the petition. (B) When renaming a roadway, the following should be taken into consideration: (1) The county may not change the name of any name given to a roadway by the Department of Transportation unless the Department of Transportation agrees to such changes. (2) Any number assigned to a roadway by Department of Transportation may not be changed, although a roadway name may be assigned in addition to its DOT Number. (3) Largest impact. In most cases, the roadway with the larger number of homes, dwellings, or commercial structures along the roadway should have priority and retain the name in order to minimize the number of people affected. (4) Oldest roadway. When renaming a roadway which conflicts with this chapter and between two roadways the impact will be equal, then the roadway that has been consistently signed for the longest period of time should retain the name. (5) Historical significance. In some cases, the roadway with a name of historical significance should retain the disputed name. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.26 NOTICE OF ROADWAY NAME ASSIGNMENT OR CHANGES. Upon the assignment or re-assignment of any roadway name, the Addressing Coordinator shall give notice to all owners and occupants of the abutting property, to the local postmaster with jurisdiction over the roadway, to the Board of Transportation, and to any city within five miles of the roadway, and others as set forth in G.S. § 153A-239.1(a). The Addressing Coordinator shall also provide notice to any utilities serving the area, and emergency services agencies serving Vance County. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.27 INSTALLATION OF ROADWAY SIGNS. (A) All road name sign blades shall be a minimum of six-inch vertical dimension sign with a minimum of four-inch letters. The "blades" shall be made of reflective green sheeting with the road name in reflective white letters on both sides. Developers of new major subdivisions as defined by the Vance County Subdivision Ordinance are permitted to propose and install a reflective blade with an alternative color as long as it contains white lettering and is approved by the Addressing Coordinator and the Vance County Planning Board. (B) It shall be unlawful for any person to establish or erect any road sign that does not comply with the standards set forth in this chapter and without receiving prior approval from the Addressing Coordinator. It shall be unlawful for any person to intentionally destroy, mar, or deface any county road name sign. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) STREET NUMBERING AND ADDRESS ASSIGNMENT § 158.40 RULES AND GUIDELINES. The rules and guidelines in this section should be followed to facilitate the orderly assignment of addresses to properties. Properties and structures must be assigned addresses in a logical, easy to understand manner in order to help citizens and emergency personnel quickly locate people, places and events. (A) When to assign address numbers. After a new roadway is approved, it must be assigned an address range and each individual property with a building, assigned numbers in accordance with the standards defined in this chapter. Addresses should not be assigned to structures that are simply accessory to another building or are insubstantial in nature. (B) Street addressing process in Vance County, NC. Address block ranges will be assigned to roadways shown on approved preliminary plans. Individual physical addresses must be assigned to structures prior to approval of zoning permits as required by the Vance County Zoning Ordinance. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.41 GUIDELINES FOR NUMBERING AND RENUMBERING STREET ADDRESSES. (A) Assignment of addresses for new development. (1) Address ranges. All primary structures shall be assigned an address number that reflects the established addressing formula. No address range in Vance County shall conflict with another address range in a contiguous locality. For those rare duplicate street names in the county, the address range will be different for each street. The range will be assigned consecutively for all duplicate street names; however, the numbering of the second street will have a break of a minimum of 1,000 addresses. (2) Addressing interval. Primary structure addresses shall be assigned consecutively so that a new address is created ideally every 5.28 linear feet. Addresses will be assigned at the point of access (driveway) or to a structure point along the front of the structure. If the driveway enters from the side or rear of the property, the structure shall be addressed on the roadway that the structure fronts/faces at the approximate middle of the structure. (3) Even and odd numbering. Odd-numbered addresses shall be assigned to the left in the direction of increase and even numbered addresses shall be assigned to the right in the direction of the increase. (4) Each unit within a multiple housing unit and mobile homes within mobile home parks shall be assigned a primary 911 address. Addresses shall be assigned from internal drives, using even and odd addressing. A mobile home park owner may assign lot numbers, but the lot number shall not be used in the address of the lot. (5) Addresses in sequential order. All addresses need to be in sequential numeric order, always increasing from the point of origin, and should numerically balance on both sides of the roadway. (6) Addresses will be established as whole numbers and will not have fractions or decimals of a number. (7) Vacant properties shall, upon request, be assigned addresses during pre- development for location purposes only, but once zoning approval pursuant to the Vance County Zoning Ordinance occurs it may have to be readdressed based on the final layout or plan. (B) Renumbering/readdressing a roadway: (1) It shall be the duty of the Addressing Coordinator from time to time, and upon request, to review address numbers, identify conflicts in number assignment and make changes which, in their opinion, are necessary or as follows: (a) Due to conflicts with other addresses; (b) Change in character or density of occupancy of any block; (c) Lack of availability of additional numbers when the need arises; (d) Addresses are determined to be out of sequence creating a potential public safety concern; or (e) In conjunction with the changing of a roadway name. (2) Upon the request of the Planning Director the Addressing Coordinator shall review the section of roadway or roadways requested by the Planning Director. (3) While undertaking any reviews, the Addressing Coordinator will take into consideration the public's health, safety and general welfare. In the event an existing address has jeopardized the public's health, safety, or general welfare by impeding timely emergency response, or in the event an existing roadway name reasonably could be perceived to jeopardize the public's health, safety, or general welfare by impeding timely emergency response, the Addressing Coordinator may make changes. (4) When renumbering/reassigning addresses along a roadway it shall be done in accordance with § 158.41(A) of this chapter. (5) The Addressing Coordinator shall provide notice to all affected property owners by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the current mailing address as listed with the Vance County Tax Office for the affected parcels of property. Each notice shall include: (a) The prior and new address assigned to the property; and (b) Notice of right to appeal and appeal process. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.42 POSTING OF STREET ADDRESS NUMBERS. The owner, occupant or agent of the primary structure shall place or cause to be placed and maintained upon each primary structure the numbers assigned under the addressing system as provided in this chapter. The following criteria must be used to properly display the number: (A) The address numbers shall be placed on the primary structure within 30 days from the date of notification by the Addressing Coordinator after approval of such assignment as required by this chapter. (B) The numbers shall be conspicuously placed immediately above, on, or at the side of the proper door of each primary structure addressed so that the number can be seen plainly from the roadway on which the address is based and shall be a minimum of four inches in height. Whenever any primary structure is more than 120 feet from the roadway which the address is based upon, and the number is not clearly discernible from the roadway right of way, or vision of the primary structure from the roadways is otherwise obscured, the number assigned shall be placed on a sign (minimum of six inches by 18 inches) attached near the walk, driveway or common entrance to such primary structure. It shall be affixed upon a gatepost, fence, post or other appropriate place so as to be easily discernible, and to clearly identify the entrance to a property. Alternatively, numbers can be posted on an individual U.S. mailbox or U.S. mailbox stand/post for the building if: (1) The U.S. mailbox is distant and separate from any other U.S. mailbox so as to eliminate confusion as to specific ownership, and; (2) The U.S. mailbox is located along the roadway on which the address is based, and is adjacent to the driveway or access to the primary structure; (3) The address numbers are affixed to the U.S. mailbox or U.S. mailbox post/stand in such a manner as to be visible and readable from any and/or all directions from the roadway which it fronts; (4) The address numbers on the US mailbox or US mailbox post/stand are no less than three inches in height. (5) Numbers painted or stenciled on the curb shall not be a lawful substitute for the display of address numbers prescribed by this section. (C) Numbers for multiple dwelling units and nonresidential buildings shall be at least six inches in height and shall be placed on the primary structure so as to be easily and readily seen facing the roadway nearest the street in which the building is accessed. (D) All numbers must be made of a durable, clearly visible material and must contrast with the color of the house, building, or other structure. Numbers must also be reflective for night time identification. (E) Address numbers should be plain block numeric numbers and not in alpha print or any type of script writing. (F) The Addressing Coordinator shall be authorized to approve alternate methods of displaying the address numbers on primary structures that meet the intent of this chapter. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.43 NOTICE OF FINAL ADDRESS CHANGE. After all rights to appeal a notice of address change pursuant to this chapter have expired or been heard, the Addressing Coordinator shall give notice to the owners and occupants of all affected addresses, the local Postal Service, to any major utilities serving the addressed area, to any emergency services agencies such as police, sheriff, fire departments and ambulance service with jurisdiction over the addressed area. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) VIOLATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT § 158.55 VIOLATIONS AND ENFORCEMENT. (A) Owners of real property upon which primary structures are already constructed will be required to comply with this chapter. Those person(s) who do not comply with this chapter will be notified and requested, by the Addressing Coordinator, to meet the requirements within 30 days from the date of notification. If the owner does not comply voluntarily with this chapter within 30 days of receiving delivery of the notice by registered or certified mail or by hand delivery, enforcement action pursuant to G.S. § 153A-123 may be initiated. A fine of $25 shall be imposed on the property owner for each day that the address is not posted. (B) No building permit shall be issued unless an official address number has been assigned for a lot. (C) The certificate of occupancy for any structure erected, repaired or modified after the effective date of this chapter shall be withheld by the Planning and Development Department until the address is posted on the structure as outlined in this chapter. (D) Any violation of the provisions of this chapter not specifically addressed in § 158.55(A), shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $50 or imprisonment of not more than 30 days, as provided by G.S. § 14-4C. Violations of this chapter may also be subject to further civil remedies as set forth in G.S. § 153A-123. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) APPEALS AND AMENDMENTS § 158.65 APPEALS. Appeals of proposed street renaming/renumbering, individual addressing number changes or denial of a street name request must be filed with the Address Coordinator, in writing, within 30 days of written notification of required owner action. In the event of a denial by the Address Coordinator(s), individuals affected by proposed changes or denials may file appeal to the Vance County Board of Commissioners. This final appeal must be filed in writing within 30 days of the denial with the Address Coordinator(s) and will be placed on the next available Board of County Commissioner meeting agenda. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) § 158.66 AMENDMENTS. The provisions of this chapter may from time to time be amended, supplemented, changed, modified, or repealed by the Board of Commissioners. The Vance County Board of Commissioners may also authorize a variance from these regulations when in its opinion the interests of the public would best be served by such variance. (Ord. 42, passed 5-6-2019) Administrative Manual | New Hanover County, NC UDO | Updated: Error! Reference source not found. 1 Private Roadway Design Standards Technical Manual 02-2020 Roadway Design Technical Manual | New Hanover County, NC | 02-2020 1 MATRIX TABLE FOR PRIVATE ROAD ROW SPECIFICATIONS ROAD DESIGN STANDARDS Alley Cul-de- sac Local Collector ROW (R) 20 45 45 50 Travelway Width (W) 18 22 24 26 Minimum Horizontal Centerline Radius 55 100 100 200 Minimum Edgeline Radius at Corners N/A 15 25 30 Pavement Design Standard (NCDOT) Local Local Local Collector General Standards: Minimum Offset Between Centerlines of Intersections 200 Tangent Length Between Horizontal Curves 100 Maximum Cul-de-sac Length 500' Plaza Width (between back of curb and sidewalk) 5' Sight Distance Triangle at Intersections 10'x70' Roadway Design Technical Manual | New Hanover County, NC | 02-2020 2 Roadway Design Technical Manual | New Hanover County, NC | 02-2020 3 GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 7 MINOR SUBDIVISION STREET/ACCESS STANDARDS FIVE (5) LOTS OR LESS 1 Street/Access Options Minimum Right-of- Way or Easement Width 2 Minimum Street Width Length 3 Street/Access Construction Standard Street Maintenance Responsibility Other Requirements Public Street 7,50 ft. 14 ft. One- Way 20 ft. Two- Way Max. 800 ft. / 1600 ft. (WCA)5 Must Meet or Exceed NCDOT Subdivision Streets Minimum Construction Standards POA 6 Certification of Street Construction to NCDOT Subdivision Streets Minimum Construction Standards Private Street (new) 7 50 ft. 14 ft. One- Way 20 ft. Two- Way Max. 800 ft. / 1600 ft. (WCA)5 6” ABC Stone and Meet NCDOT Subdivision Streets Minimum Construction Standards EXCEPT No Paving Required 8 POA 6 Private Street Disclosure Certification Statement (G.S. § 136- 102.6) Must Have Direct Access to a Public Street Exclusive Access Easement (Public & Private Streets; Exclusive Access Easement must be Recorded) 9 25 ft.N/A Allowable if more than 300 ft. from Public Street Minimum separation between centerline of easement of any other platted right- of-way shall be one hundred twenty-five (125) ft. N/A Property Owner(s) Only One (1) Lot a Minimum of Three (3) Acres in Size One (1) Single- Family Dwelling & One (1) Accessory Dwelling Unit110. Uninhabited accessory structure(s) also allowed per ARTICLE 4 – Accessory, Uses, Buildings, and Structures. EXCERPT GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 8 MINOR SUBDIVISION STREET/ACCESS STANDARDS FIVE (5) LOTS OR LESS 1 Street/Access Options Minimum Right-of- Way or Easement Width 2 Minimum Street Width Length 3 Street/Access Construction Standard Street Maintenance Responsibility Other Requirements 1. The number of lots that are existing, created, or combination thereof. 2. In some instances, minimum street Right-of-Way or Easement width of public and private streets may be required to exceed minimum width based on Street function, number of lots served, and/or other factors specific to proposed development. 3. See Section 8.05 for approved Street terminus/turnaround. 4. See Public/Private Street Illustration below. 5. WCA - Watershed Critical Area. See ARTICLE 9 – Environmental Regulations. 6. Streets shall be dedicated to a Property Owners' Association (POA) or accepted by NCDOT for maintenance prior to further subdivision activity. See Section 8.04. 7. See Public/Private Illustration below. 8. Private streets are required to meet minimum design guidelines for thickness of base and surface course per the most recent NC Dept. of Transportation Subdivision Streets Minimum Construction Standards. 9. See Exclusive Access Easement illustration below. 10.Environmental Health septic suitability and other applicable Ordinance requirements apply. Commentary: For roads to be added to the N.C. Dept. of Transportation (NCDOT) system, individual(s) or property owners’ associations (POA) must submit a SR-1 form (petition) to NCDOT. The requirements for addition are listed on the petition. 2. Utility Easement Lots fronting on public streets with access to existing utilities are not required to have utility easements. All other lots shall show a twenty (20) foot utility easement to the front, side, or rear of each lot unless easement releases are obtained from all utility companies, in which case no utility easement will be required. 3. Reserve Strips Reserve strips adjoining street rights-of-way for the purpose of preventing access to adjacent property shall not be permitted under any condition. 4. Public/Private Street Illustration: GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 9 5. Exclusive Access Easement Illustration: (File No. 21-08-GCPL-07440, 11/04/2021) Effective on: 11/4/2021 8.5 MAJOR SUBDIVISIONS GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 10 Major Subdivisions are all divisions of land into six (6) or more lots [See Subdivision (Major-Residential) in Table 4-3-1 Permitted Uses Table]. A. STREET ACCESS AND SIDEWALK STANDARDS (5-13.3 – 5-13.6) 1. Lots on Thoroughfares Major subdivisions shall not be approved that permit individual residential lots direct access to thoroughfares as designated on the adopted Comprehensive Transportation Plan (CTP). 2. Conformance with CTP and Collector Street Plans The location and design of streets shall conform with the most recent CTP and collector street plan. Where conditions warrant, street right-of-way widths and pavement widths in excess of the minimum street standards may be required. 3. Conformance with Adjoining Street Systems The planned street layout of a proposed subdivision shall be compatible with existing or proposed streets and their classifications on adjoining or nearby tracts. 4. Reserve Strips Reserve strips adjoining street rights-of-way for the purpose of preventing access to adjacent property shall not be permitted under any condition. 5. Connection to Public Street Right-of-Way All private streets or private access easements must be established and designed to have access via a public street right-of-way. 6. Sidewalks a.Except along controlled access roadways, sidewalks shall be required on all thoroughfares, collector, sub-collector and local residential streets (except cul-de-sacs) within one (1) mile of a park/recreation facility, school, shopping center, employment center or other major pedestrian generator. Where sidewalks are installed, they shall have a minimum width of five (5) feet and be constructed on one (1) side of the street right-of-way as determined by the Technical Review Committee (TRC). b.Alternative provisions for pedestrian sidewalk movement meeting the intent of this Section may be used where unreasonable or impractical situations would result from application of these requirements. Such situations may result from significant vegetation, impending street widening, topography, utility easements, lot configuration or other unusual site conditions. In such GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 11 instances, the Planning & Development Director may approve an alternate plan that proposes different pedestrian routes provided such that the intent of this Section is fulfilled. B. STREET DESIGN STANDARDS 1.Conformance with Existing Plans a.The street layout shall conform to the arrangement, width, and location indicated on any applicable CTP and collector street plan. In areas where plans have not been completed, the streets shall be designed and located in proper relation to existing and proposed streets, topography, natural features (e.g., streams and tree growth), public convenience and safety, and to the proposed land use to be served by such streets; and b.In cases where a proposed subdivision fronts or extends an existing street that does not comply with the minimum standards of this Ordinance, the subdivider shall upgrade the portion of the existing street abutting the subdivision, in accordance with the standards of this Ordinance. 2.Street Classification (2-1.7) a.The final determination of the classification of streets in a proposed subdivision shall be made by the County. A typical street cross-section is illustrated below: b.Specific Street classification descriptions are listed below: GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 12 Street Classification Description ALLEY A roadway which affords only a secondary means of access to abutting property. COLLECTOR STREET (3) A street whose principal function is to carry traffic between cul-de- sac, local and other collector streets, and street of higher classification, but which may also provide direct access to abutting properties. CUL-DE-SACS (6)A short local street having one (1) end open to traffic and the other end permanently terminated by a vehicular turnaround. LOCAL STREET (5)A street whose primary function is to provide access to abutting properties. MAJOR THOROUGHFARE (2) Major thoroughfares consist of interstate, other freeway, expressway, or parkway links, and major streets that provide for the expeditious movement of high volumes of traffic within and through urban areas. MINOR THOROUGHFARE (1) Minor thoroughfares collect traffic from collector, sub-collector, and local street and carry it to the major thoroughfare system. Minor thoroughfares may be used to supplement the major thoroughfare system by facilitating movement of moderate volumes of traffic within and through urban areas and may also serve abutting property. PRIVATE DRIVE (9) A vehicular travelway not dedicated or offered for dedication as a public street, providing access to parking lot(s) for two (2) or more principal buildings in a group housing or group nonresidential development. PRIVATE STREET (7) A vehicular travelway not dedicated or offered for dedication as a public street, but resembling a cul-de-sac or a local street by carrying traffic from a series of driveways to the public street system. GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 13 c. Public Street Design Criteria (5-13.3) The minimum street design standards for the street classifications listed in this Section are listed below. Street right-of-way dedication and paving of streets in and adjacent to the subdivision shall be in conformance with the street right-of-way and pavement width requirements listed below and shall be designed in accordance with the NC Building Code – Fire Prevention Code & Appendices and the North Carolina Department of Transportation (NCDOT) Subdivision streets: Minimum Construction Standards, whichever is applicable. MINIMUM PUBLIC STREET DESIGN STANDARDS Classification Minimum Right- of- Way 1 Minimum Pavement Width 1, 2, 3 Stopping Sight Distance Centerline Radius 3 MAJOR THOROUGHFARE 90 – 100’64-68’650’1,530’ MINOR THOROUGHFARE Five Lane Four Lane 80’ 68’ 60’ 48’ 550 475’ 1,240’ 955’ COLLECTOR 6 60’40’400’765’ SUB-COLLECTOR 6 56’36’250’440’ LOCAL RESIDENTIAL *With Ribbon 4 50’22’200’300’ With Curb/Gutter 50’30’200’300’ RESIDENTIAL CUL- DE-SAC *With Ribbon 4 50’22’200’300’ With Curb/Gutter 50’30’ 5 200’300’ LOCAL INDUSTRIAL 60’40’325’575’ INDUSTRIAL CUL-DE- SAC 60’40’325’575’ 1. Recommended design standards. Exceptions may be approved by the TRC due to 1)relation of design standards to existing and proposed streets, 2)topography, 3)natural features (e.g., streams and tree growth), 4)public convenience and safety, and 5)proposed land use to be served by such streets. 2. Unless additional width required under this Section. 3. Dimension in this column are from face of curb to face of curb, except ribbon pavement. 4. Watershed Critical Area (WCA) only. 5. With twenty (20) dwelling units or less, twenty-six (26) feet. 6. Wider right-of-way and pavement width may be required to accommodate pedestrian and bicycle facilities on streets recognized on the official Greensboro Urban Area Metropolitan Planning Organization Collector Street Plan. d. Private Street Design Criteria (5-13.3 – 5-13.4) GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 14 Private streets shall be permitted in developments with Property Owners’ Associations and group developments. PRIVATE STREET MINIMUM DESIGN STANDARDS1 Minimum Common Area of Obstructions Minimum Pavement Width (face to face) Stopping Sight Distance Centerline Radius Minimum 40’2 24’3 150’215’ 1. All private streets will have a standard, thirty (30) inch curb and gutter section, unless the street is located in the WCA. 2. Common area may need to be wider when using ribbon pavement in the Watershed Critical Area (WCA). 3. Ribbon pavement width in Watershed Critical Area is 22 ft. 1)The pavement design for all private streets will be equivalent to the minimum design standards for local residential streets of the NCDOT unless the developer supplies an alternate pavement design supported by an engineering study. The developer must furnish an engineer's seal and certification that the private streets have been tested and certified for the subgrade, base and asphalt. Streets located in the WCA may be twenty-two (22) feet of asphalt construction with shoulders and a ditch section. Common area may need to be widened to retain the ditch section within the common area. All turnarounds must comply with D103.1 of NC Fire Prevention Code (See chart below). 2)A Property Owners’ Association is required to own and maintain all private streets allowed under this Ordinance. All private streets will be indicated as such on the final plat. 3)No through street in a residential area connecting two (2) public streets can be designated as a private street, unless approved by the Technical Review Committee. 4)All private streets connecting with public streets require an approved driveway permit from NCDOT. Where street returns are permitted, the developer shall construct a concrete band running parallel with the public street. The width of this band shall commence at the gutter line and extend to the street right-of-way of the public street. e. Access & Turnaround All streets must provide sufficient access & turnaround provisions for public safety in compliance with the current adopted version of the North Carolina State Building Code – Fire Prevention Code Appendix D as illustrated below: GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 15 *For the purposes of this graphic, the terms street and road shall be synonymous. f. Existing Substandard Streets (new) An existing private street or unimproved platted street right-of-way shall be improved to NCDOT standards if the total number of lots to be served is more than five (5) (existing, created or combination thereof). g. Connectivity 1) Adjacent Property(ies) (new) (a)Where it is determined by the Technical Review Committee that it is desirable to provide for street access to adjoining property(ies), proposed streets shall be extended, purposed, and where appropriate, constructed to the boundary of such property(ies). (b)It is the intention of this Section to promote the orderly development of a local street system that provides interconnection between developed or developing properties. These requirements may vary at the discretion of the Technical Review Committee (TRC) where compliance is determined not feasible because of topography, the existence of environmentally sensitive lands, the need to preserve cultural resources, and/or other similar considerations. In general, connections shall be required where one of the following conditions exist: i.Where the zoning and/or land use on the adjoining property(ies) are compatible with the proposed subdivision. For purposes of this Section, compatible land use shall mean any residential to residential land use or nonresidential to nonresidential land use. ii.Where there are no natural or man-made barriers that make the street extension impractical; GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 16 iii.Where the street extension will result in desirable traffic flows and patterns and where inappropriate levels of through traffic are avoided; and/or iv.Where the street extension will promote public safety and the overall orderly development of the area. Where required to be built, all stub streets shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the appropriate standards per Subsection e above. GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 17 Development Type Fire Apparatus Access Streets Fire Apparatus Access Exceptions Sight Distance Triangle Easements 1 Minimum Street Offset2 Grades at Intersections3 Curb and Cutter Single or Two Family Dwelling Residential Developments over 30 units Shall provide two (2) separate and approved fire apparatus access streets meeting the standards in this Ordinance and minimum NCDOT’s standards shall be provided. In some instances, the Technical Review Committee may allow a stub street to count as an additional development entry point when there is a reasonable likelihood of the stub street connecting to a future roadway. Where there are more than thirty (30) dwelling units (existing or created) on a single public or private fire apparatus access Street and all dwelling units are equipped throughout with an approved automatic sprinkler system, access from two directions shall not be required. The number of dwelling units on a single fire apparatus access Street shall not be increased unless fire apparatus access streets will connect with future development, as determined by the Fire Marshal. NCDOT standard of 10 feet x 70 feet in size along the intersecting rights-of-way, with the seventy (70) foot dimension along the cross street. One hundred and twenty-five (125) feet. Not exceed five percent (5%) f or a distance of not less than one hundred (100) feet from the centerline of the intersection. Required in developments where public water and/or sewer is provided. GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 18 Development Type Fire Apparatus Access Streets Fire Apparatus Access Exceptions Sight Distance Triangle Easements 1 Minimum Street Offset2 Grades at Intersections3 Curb and Cutter Multiple- Family Residential Developments (more than 100 dwelling units) Shall be equipped throughout with two (2) separate and approved fire apparatus access streets. A single approved fire apparatus access Street may be provided when all buildings, including nonresidential occupancies, are equipped throughout with approved automatic sprinkler systems installed in accordance with this ordinance. NCDOT standard of ten (10) feet x seventy (70) feet in size along the intersecting rights-of-way, with the seventy (70) foot dimension along the cross street. One hundred and twenty- five (125) feet Not exceed five percent (5%) for a distance of not less than one hundred (100) feet from the centerline of the intersection. Required in developments where public water and/or sewer is provided. Multiple- Family Residential Developments (more than 200 dwelling units) Shall provide three (3) separate and approved fire apparatus access streets regardless of whether they are equipped with an approved automatic sprinkler system. N/A NCDOT standard of ten (10 ) feet x seventy (70) feet in size along the intersecting rights-of-way, with the seventy (70) foot dimension along the cross street. One hundred and twenty-five (25) feet Not exceed five percent (5%) for a distance of not less than one hundred (100) feet from the centerline of the intersection. Required in developments where public water and/or sewer is provided. 1. Triangular sight distance easements shall be shown at all street intersections and so noted on the final plat. These easements will remain free of all structures: fences; trees; shrubbery; and signs, except utility poles; fire hydrants; and traffic control signs. 2. Where streets are offset, the centerlines shall be offset no less than one hundred and twenty-five (125) feet. 3. The grade on streets approaching an intersection with stop signs shall not exceed five percent (5%) for a distance of not less than one hundred (100) feet from the centerline of the intersection. h.Block Length GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 19 Blocks shall not exceed a perimeter length of six thousand (6,000) feet, except that a perimeter length of up to twelve thousand (12,000) feet may be approved in the Watershed Critical Area. Perimeter length is the shortest lineal measurement along the abutting street right-of-way lines. i. Street Naming & Street Signs 1) Street Names Street names shall conform to the standards set forth in Appendix 1 (Street Name and Address Assignment Standards). Proposed street names shall be presented with preliminary plat. 2) Public Street Intersection At each intersection of a public or private street, drive or lane, the developer shall pay a fee to the County for the installation of each required street name sign. The County shall erect the street name sign(s). 3) Private Street Intersections The developer shall be required to erect and maintain reflective signs at all intersections between private streets, drives, or lanes or shall pay a fee to the County for the installation of each required street name sign. Signs for private streets not installed by the County shall be approved by the County as part of a Master or Common Sign Plan (see Section 7.12). Signs shall exhibit a reflective white background with green lettering. 4) Traffic Control Devices i.If NCDOT determines traffic control SIGNS and signals are necessary, they shall be erected and maintained by the subdivider at each street intersection within the subdivision. ii.Traffic control signs also shall be installed where subdivision streets intersect with an improved or State-maintained street. iii.Traffic control signs shall comply with NCDOT standards related to size, shape, color, location, and information contained thereon. iv.Traffic control signs shall be installed free of visual obstruction. v.Traffic calming devices (e.g., speed humps and bumps) shall be prohibited unless approved by the Fire Marshal. 5) Maintenance Maintenance of signs on private streets, drives or lanes shall be the responsibility of the adjacent owners or Property Owners’ Association, as appropriate. j. Street Trees (new) Street trees shall be required in accordance with the following standards: GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 20 Applicability Location 1 Timing Configuration 2 Maintenance Provision Maximum On- Center Spacing 3 All multi-family and non- residential developments within the City of Greensboro’s Growth Tier I, City of High Point’s Future Growth Area, or other adopted municipal growth strategies map. Both sides of streets, a minimum of fifty (50) feet of the street centerline. Required street trees on individual building lots shall be installed prior to occupancy of the dwelling unit on such lot. Street trees shall be canopy trees except beneath overhead utilities or other projections into the public street right-of-way, where understory trees shall be installed instead. Street trees shall be maintained by the individual property owners or Property Owners’ Association. Understory Trees: Twenty (20) – Thirty (30) feet on center. Canopy Trees: Fifty (50) feet on center. 1. Street trees shall be located within fifty (50) feet of the centerline of the street they serve, and may be located within front and corner side setbacks, outside of the street right-of-way. Street trees should be located within tree easements of a sufficient size to allow access by maintenance equipment to the entirety of the expected mature tree canopy. 2. All trees planted along or within a NCDOT street right-of-way shall conform to NCDOT guidelines. 3. Spacing may be reduced to avoid driveways or sight distance triangles as approved by the Technical Review Committee. 4. Existing trees shall be retained to the greatest extent possible during development and may be used to meet these requirements. C. UTILITY STANDARDS 1. Water and Sewer a.Water and sewer lines, connections, and equipment shall be constructed in accordance with State and local regulations. b.Where public sewer is not available, lots shall be evaluated in accordance with "Laws and Rules for Sanitary Sewage Collection, Treatment, and Disposal 11 NCGS 130A. Approval of the Environmental Health Division, the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, or a Certified Soil Scientist shall be obtained after Preliminary Plan approval. 2. Other Utilities a.Electrical, television cable, and telephone utility lines installed within major subdivisions shall be underground unless the applicant, through consultation with the utility provider, demonstrates to the Technical Review Committee that underground installation is inappropriate. 3. Utility Easements (5-13.6) a. Major Subdivisions To provide for electric, telephone, gas and community antenna television services conduits, and sewer or water lines within the subdivision appropriate utility easements not to exceed thirty (30) feet in width shall be provided. The location of such easements shall be reviewed and approved by the County, with advice from utility providers, before Final Plat approval. b. No Buildings or Improvements In Utility Easements GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 21 Utility easements shall be kept free and clear of any buildings or other improvements that would interfere with the proper maintenance or replacement of utilities. The County shall not be liable for damages to any improvement located within the utility easement area caused by maintenance or replacement of utilities located therein. 4. Stormwater Controls (5-8) a.See ARTICLE 9 – Environmental Regulations for stormwater control requirements. b.Plat Recordation: The permanent stormwater control measures shall be substantially completed and have full design volume available prior to any plat recordation for the site. This may require the cleanout and disposal of sediment from the stormwater control facility. 5. Fire Hydrants a.All development serviced by a public water supply system shall include a system of fire hydrants sufficient to provide adequate fire protection for buildings to be located within the development. Fire hydrants shall be spaced a maximum of one thousand (1,000) linear feet apart and every portion of lot frontage is within five hundred (500) linear feet of a fire hydrant. The Fire Marshal may authorize or require a deviation from this standard if the Fire Marshal determines another arrangement more satisfactorily complies with the intent or standards in this Ordinance. b.Fire hydrants shall be placed no mor than three (3) feet or a at a distance as approved by the Fire Marshal behind the public curb. D. PUBLIC OPEN SPACE & SITES FOR PUBLIC USE 1.<Reserved> E. COMMON AREAS (PROPERTY OWNERS’ ASSOCIATION 5-9) 1.Designation of Common Areas All private streets, open space, recreation areas, and similar uses not dedicated to the public shall be designated as common areas. 2.Conveyance of Property Owners’ Association a. Creation. A Property Owners’ Association shall be established to fulfill the requirement of the North Carolina Condominium Act or to accept conveyance and maintenance of all common areas and facilities within a development containing common areas. b. Conveyance. Where developments have common areas or facilities serving more than one (1) dwelling unit, these areas shall be conveyed to the Property Owners’ Association in which all owners of lots in the development shall be members. All private streets, open space, recreation areas, and similar uses not dedicated to the public shall be designated as common areas. The fee- simple title of the common area shall be conveyed by the subdivider or developer to the Property Owners’ Association. c. Subdivision or Conveyance of Common Area. Common areas shall not be subsequently subdivided or conveyed by the Property Owners’ Association, unless a revised Preliminary Plat and a revised Final Plat showing such subdivision or conveyance have been submitted and approved. d. Maintenance. Maintenance of common areas shall be the responsibility of the Property Owners’ Association. Interim maintenance of public streets also shall be the responsibility of the Property Owners’ Association until accepted by NCDOT. GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 22 Commentary: For roads to be added to the N.C. Dept. of Transportation (NCDOT) system, individual(s) or property owners’ associations (POA) must submit a SR-1 form (petition) to NCDOT. The requirements for addition are listed on the petition. 3. Submission of Property Owners’ Association Declaration Prior to or concurrently with the submission of the Final Plat for review and approval, the subdivider shall submit a copy of the proposed Bylaws of the Property Owners’ Association containing covenants and restraints governing the Property Owners’ Association, plats, and common areas. The restrictions shall include (but not be limited to) provisions for the following: a. Existence Before Any Conveyance. The Property Owner's Association declaration shall be organized and in legal existence prior to the conveyance, lease-option, or other long- term transfer of control of any unit or lot in the development. b. Membership: Membership in the Property Owner's Association shall be mandatory for each original purchaser and each successive purchaser of a lot or unit. Provisions shall be made for the assimilation of owners in subsequent sections of the development. c. Property Owners’ Association Declaration: The Property Owners’ Association declaration shall contain the following items: 1) Responsibilities of Property Owners’ Association: The Property Owners’ Association declaration shall state that association is responsible for: i.The payment of premiums for liability insurance and local taxes; ii.Maintenance of recreational and/or other facilities located on the common areas; and iii.Payment of assessments for public and private improvements made to or for the benefit of the common areas. 2) Default of Property Owners’ Association: Upon default by the Property Owners’ Association in the payment to the County entitled thereto of any assessments for public improvements or ad valorem taxes levied against the common areas, which default shall continue for a period of six (6) months, each Owner of a lot in the development shall become personally obligated to pay to the County a portion of the taxes or assessments in an amount determined by dividing the total taxes and/or assessments due to the County by the total number of lots in the development. If the sum is not paid by the Owner within thirty (30) days following receipt of notice of the amount due; the sum shall become a continuing lien on the property of the Owner, his/her heirs, devisees, personal representatives and assigns. The taxing or assessing County may either bring an action at law against the Owner personally obligated to pay the same, or may elect to foreclose the lien against the property of the Owner. 3) Powers of the Property Owners’ Association: The Property Owners’ Association shall be empowered to levy assessments against the Owners of lots or units within the development. Such assessments shall be for the payment of expenditures made by the Property Owners’ Association for the items set forth in this Section, and any assessments not paid by the owner against whom such assessments are made shall constitute a lien on the lot of the Owner. 4) Easements: Easements over the common areas for access, ingress, and egress from and to public streets and walkways and easements for enjoyment of the common areas, and for parking, shall be granted to each lot Owner. GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 27 B. LOTS ADJOINING PUBLIC OR COMMON OPEN SPACE Single family lots with public sewer service which abut dedicated public or common open space may be developed with less than the minimum lot size provided the following requirements are met: 1.No lot shall be less than sixty percent (60%) of the minimum lot area for the zoning district in which it is located, or five thousand (5,000) square feet, whichever is greater. 2.Rear setbacks may be reduced to fifteen (15) feet, if the rear property line abuts open space (should probably define) areas. 8.9 PERFORMANCE GUARANTEES (MODIFIED 3-10) A. GENERAL A performance guarantee shall be required in the following circumstances: GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 28 1.To ensure the completion of public infrastructure improvements that are required as part of an approved subdivision but are not approved by the Planning & Development Director or County Engineer as complete before approval of a final plat; 2.To ensure completion of public infrastructure improvements that are required as part of a site plan (e.g., streets, sidewalks, landscaping, erosion control), but are not installed before occupancy of the development; and 3.To ensure completion of private site improvements that are required as part of a site plan (e.g., landscaping, parking, screening, etc.), but are not installed before occupancy, provided the Planning & Development Director determines that the property may be safely occupied and used regardless of the delayed installation of the improvements. B. TERMS OF PERFORMANCE GUARANTEES The term of a performance guarantee shall state any time limit to complete installation of required improvements that is included in approval of the final plat or associated permit, as appropriate, but in no case shall the term exceed two (2) years. The Planning & Development Director may, for good cause shown and with approval of the provider of the guarantee, grant up to one (1) extension of the term, for a time period not exceeding one (1) year accompanied by an updated Opinion of Probable Cost (OPC). C. FORM OF PERFORMANCE GUARANTEES The Owner or Developer shall furnish a performance guarantee in any of the following acceptable forms: 1. Letter of Credit If the Developer provides a Letter of Credit, it must be accompanied by an Improvement Performance Guarantee Agreement (written in substantial form as the template shown in Appendix 3), be valid for at least one (1) year, and be payable to Guilford County at any time upon presentation of: a.A sight draft drawn on the issuing Bank; b.An affidavit executed by an authorized County official stating that the Developer is in default under this Agreement, and (1)An authorized official for purpose of this subsection shall include the County Manager, the Planning Director, or their designees. The Developer shall renew the Letter of Credit for successive one (1)-year terms until this Agreement is of no further effect. (2)The original Letter of Credit. The Letter of Credit must be issued by a financial institution approved by the County and located within Guilford County, North Carolina, and must be irrevocable. 2. Surety or Performance Bond a.If the Developer provides a performance bond, (written in substantial form as the template shown in Appendix 3) using the Development Bond Template, it must be valid for at least one (1) year and payable to the County upon default of this Agreement. The bonding company must be licensed to do business in North Carolina. The bond also must detail the procedure for drawing funds once the Developer is determined to be in default under this Agreement. The Developer shall renew the performance bond for successive one-year terms until this Agreement is of no further effect. If a performance bond is deemed to be perpetual in form the bonding company will be required to provide annual notice of the performance bond's continuance. b.An authorized County official for purpose of this subsection shall include the County Manager, the Planning & Development Director, or their designees. 3. Cash Deposit or Equivalent Security GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 29 a.Cash deposits or equivalent security will be placed in a separate Guilford County account and designated for this purpose. b.An Improvement Performance Guarantee Agreement (written in substantial form as the template shown in Appendix 3) shall accompany a cash deposit or equivalent security. c.The performance guarantee and the Improvement Performance Guarantee Agreement (see template in Appendix 3) shall be conditioned on the performance of all work necessary to complete the installation of the required improvements within the term of the performance guarantee. Performance guarantees shall provide that in case of the Owner’s or Developer’s failure to complete the guaranteed improvements, the County shall be able to immediately obtain the funds necessary to complete installation of the improvements. d.An authorized official for purpose of this subsection shall include the County Manager, the Planning & Development Director, or their designees. 4. Improvements to be Completed Upon recordation of seventy-five percent (75%) of the total lots approved within a subdivision, the Developer shall be required to complete all remaining public improvements (i.e., infrastructures, landscaping, and buffering) prior to consideration of extension of both the Performance Guarantee and Agreement, if applicable. Exceptions may be provided on a case-by-case basis as approved by the Planning Director. D. AMOUNT OF PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE 1.Performance guarantees for required improvements shall equal one hundred and twenty- five percent (125%) of the estimated full cost of completing the installation of the required improvements, including the costs of materials, labor, and project management. 2.An Opinion of Probable Cost for completing installation of required public infrastructure improvements shall be itemized by improvement type and certified by the Owner’s or Developer’s registered engineer and are subject to approval by the Planning & Development Director. Estimated costs for completing installation of required landscaping or other private site improvements (non- infrastructure improvements) shall be itemized and certified by the Owner’s or Developer’s contractor and are subject to approval by the Planning & Development Director. E. REDUCTION AND RELEASE OF PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE 1.The Planning & Development Director shall authorize the release of all or a portion of any performance guarantee posted as the improvements are completed. Such completion shall be certified as completed by a North Carolina Registered Professional Engineer or the owner’s or developer’s contractor for non-infrastructure improvements. The County may reduce the total financial security by the ratio that the completed improvements compared to the total estimated cost of improvements required, provided that no more than one such reduction may be permitted prior to releasing the performance guarantee. 2.The County will release the security when all required Completion Certification Forms have been provided and any required maintenance guarantee and corresponding documents have been provided. F. EXTENSION OF PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE 1.If the Opinion of Probable Cost or contractor’s estimate, as appropriate, is updated and the guarantee is renewed, the amount of the performance guarantee and agreement shall be updated to reflect cost increases and duration of the extension. G. DEFAULT OF PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE GUILFORD COUNTY CODE Guilford County NC | Unified Development Code ARTICLE 8, pg. 30 1.All developments whose improvements are not completed and accepted fourteen (14) days prior to the expiration of the performance guarantee shall be considered to be in default. Said guarantee may be extended with the consent of the County, if such extension takes place prior to default. 2.If the Owner or Developer fails to complete the installation of the guaranteed improvements within the term of the performance guarantee, the Planning & Development Director or his/her designee shall give the Owner or Developer a minimum sixty (60) days written notice of the default by certified mail. 3.After the notice period expires, the County may draw on the guarantee and use the funds to perform work necessary to complete installation of the guaranteed improvements. After completing such work, the County shall provide a complete accounting of the expenditures to the Owner or Developer and, as applicable, refund all unused funds, without interest. 4.In no case shall a performance guarantee be extended without written approval from the County. H. OVERSIZED IMPROVEMENTS The County may require installation of certain oversized utilities or the extension of infrastructure to adjacent property when it is in the interest of future development. If the County requires the installation of oversized improvements, the County shall reimburse the Developer for the oversizing based on the rates set by the County. 8.10 RESERVED PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Item: Petition TA 4-26 – Planning Ordinance – Public Hearing and Notice I. Background On March 12, 2026, the Planning Board conducted a public discussion regarding proposed amendment to the Planning Ordinance eliminating advisory-level public hearings at Planning Board meetings and ensure alignment with North Carolina General Statute Chapter 160D. The Board recognized that these hearings are not statutorily required and acknowledged the potential financial stewardship of reducing public costs, estimated to exceed $3,000 annually. The Planning Board affirmed its continued commitment to public engagement by collecting public comments at regular meetings and providing recommendations to the Board of County Commissioners. The Commissioners will conduct the required legislative public hearing process in accordance with state law. The Planning Board requested that mailed notice requirements for public hearings be maintained. III. Summary of Proposed Amendments • This amendment codifies Public Hearing are only for the Governing Board, and not Planning Board • This amendment has gone through the following public review process: – March 5, 2026 – initial publication on County Planning Board Packet – March 12, 2026 – initially Planning Board discussion and guidance to support recommendation – April 2, 2026, and April 9, 2026 - notice issued for Planning Board Public Hearing – April 9, 2026 – Planning Board Public Hearing IV. Staff Analysis and Recommendation These updates support the County’s goal of a clear, consistent, and modern planning framework by ensuring regulations are compliant, easy to understand, and aligned with sustainable development practices. Consolidating the ordinance will reduce redundancy, improve accessibility, and enhance administrative efficiency. Staff recommendations: • Open public hearing as advertised and continue to May 14, 2026 V. Comprehensive Plan Consistency Person County Planning Ordinance, as well as NCGS § 160D-604 & § 160D-605, requires zoning maps and ordinance amendments be consistent with the adopted Compressive Plan. A statement reflecting the consistency must accompany the Planning Board recommendation. A general statement of plan consistency and a desire for clear regulations can be used as adequate support, if a specific language from the Comprehensive plan cannot be found. VI. Action Continue Public Hearing to May 14, 2026 VI. Submitted by Nishith Trivedi, Planning Director PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Text Amendment 04-26 - Planning Ordinance – Public Hearing and Notice 153-4 PLANNING BOARD REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATION - After submission of a completed application, the Zoning Administrator shall conduct or oversee a comprehensive review of the application and prepare a written analysis and professional recommendation for consideration by both the Planning Board and the Board of County Commissioners. the Zoning Administrator will schedule a public hearing for the Planning Board in accordance with the published Planning Board meeting schedule on file in the Planning and Zoning Department. A notice of such public hearing shall be published once a week for two (2) consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in Person County. Said notice shall be published the first time not less than ten (10) days and not more than twenty-five (25) days prior to the date established for such public hearing. (Amended 11/5/01; 7/22/02; 3/13/2006). For map amendments, the Zoning Administrator will be responsible for mailing written notices to all property owners within 500’ of the property including the applicant and properties separated from the subject property by street, railroad, and other transportation corridor (N.C.G.S. 160D-602). The Zoning Administrator shall post notice on the land subject to the application within the same time period specified for mailed notice of the hearing before the Board of Commissioners using weatherproof signs, one sign per road frontage and posted no more than 25’ from the street right-of-way (NCGS 160D-602)(Amended 8/4/25). Signs must be clearly visible from the street and designate “Zoning Proposal Pending” with the phone number of the Planning and Zoning Department. When multiple parcels are included, a posting on each individual parcel is not required, but there should be reasonable notice provided to interested persons. a) When conducting a review of proposed zoning text or map amendments pursuant to this section, the Planning Board shall advise and comment on whether the proposed action is consistent with the County’s comprehensive plan that has been adopted. The Planning Board shall provide a written recommendation to the Board of Commissioners that addresses plan consistency and other matters as deemed appropriate by the Planning Board, but a comment by the Planning Board that a proposed amendment is inconsistent with the comprehensive plan shall not preclude consideration or approval of the proposed amendment by the Board of Commissioners (N.C.G.S. 160D-604 (d)). b) When reviewing any zoning text or map amendment, the Planning Board shall approve a brief statement describing whether its action is consistent or inconsistent with the adopted comprehensive plan and a brief statement of reasonableness. The statement of reasonableness and plan consistency required in this section may be approved as a single statement. Board members may adopt this statement when acting upon the zoning text or map amendment or as a separate motion (N.C.G.S. 160D-605). PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 154-3 PLANNING BOARD REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATION - After submission of a completed application, the Zoning Administrator shall conduct or oversee a comprehensive review of the application and prepare a written analysis and professional recommendation for consideration by both the Planning Board and the Board of County Commissioners., the Zoning Administrator will schedule a public hearing for the Planning Board in accordance with the published Planning Board meeting schedule on file in the Planning and Zoning Department. A notice of such public hearing shall be published once a week for two (2) consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in Person County. Said notice shall be published the first time not less than ten (10) days and not more than twenty-five (25) days prior to the date established for such public hearing. The Zoning Administrator will be responsible for mailing written notices to all property owners within 500’ of the property including the applicant and properties separated from the subject property by street, railroad, and other transportation corridor (N.C.G.S. 160D-602). The Zoning Administrator shall post notice on the land subject to the application within the same time period specified for mailed notice of the hearing before the Board of Commissioners using weatherproof signs, one sign per road frontage and posted no more than 25’ from the street right-of-way. (NCGS 160D-602)(Amended 8/4/25). Signs must be clearly visible from the street and designate “Zoning Proposal Pending” with the phone number of the Planning and Zoning Department. When multiple parcels are included, a posting on each individual parcel is not required, but there should be reasonable notice provided to interested persons. a) When conducting a review of proposed map amendments pursuant to this section, the Planning Board shall advise and comment on whether the proposed action is consistent with the County’s comprehensive plan that has been adopted. The Planning Board shall provide a written recommendation to the Board of Commissioners that addresses plan consistency and other matters as deemed appropriate by the Planning Board, but a comment by the Planning Board that a proposed amendment is inconsistent with the comprehensive plan shall not preclude consideration or approval of the proposed amendment by the Board of Commissioners (N.C.G.S. 160D-604 (d)). b) When reviewing any map amendment, the Planning Board shall approve a brief statement describing whether its action is consistent or inconsistent with the adopted comprehensive plan and a brief statement of reasonableness. The statement of reasonableness and plan consistency required in this section may be approved as a single statement. Board members may adopt this statement when acting upon the zoning text or map amendment or as a separate motion (N.C.G.S. 160D-605). PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 156-4 PLANNING BOARD REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATION After submission of a completed application, the Zoning Administrator shall conduct or oversee a comprehensive review of the application and prepare a written analysis and professional recommendation for consideration by both the Planning Board and the Board of County Commissioners., the Zoning Administrator will schedule a public hearing for the Planning Board in accordance with the published Planning Board meeting schedule on file in the Planning and Zoning Department. A notice of such public hearing shall be published once a week for two (2) consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in Person County. Said notice shall be published the first time not less than ten (10) days and not more than twenty-five (25) days prior to the date established for such public hearing. The Zoning Administrator will be responsible for mailing written notices to all property owners within 500’ of the property including the applicant and properties separated from the subject property by street, railroad, and other transportation corridor (N.C.G.S. 160D-602). The Zoning Administrator shall require that notice be posted on the land subject to the application within the same time period specified for mailed notices of the hearing before the Board of Commissioners (NCGS 160D-602). The applicant shall post the notice on weatherproof signs supplied by the Planning and Zoning Department, one sign per each road frontage and no more than 25’ from the street right-of-way. Signs must be clearly visible from the street and designate “Zoning Proposal Pending” with the phone number of the Planning and Zoning Department. When multiple parcels are included, a posting on each individual parcel is not required, but there should be reasonable notice provided to interested persons. a) When conducting a review of proposed map amendments pursuant to this section, the Planning Board shall advise and comment on whether the proposed action is consistent with the County’s comprehensive plan that has been adopted. The Planning Board shall provide a written recommendation to the Board of Commissioners that addresses plan consistency and other matters as deemed appropriate by the Planning Board, but a comment by the Planning Board that a proposed amendment is inconsistent with the comprehensive plan shall not preclude consideration or approval of the proposed amendment by the Board of Commissioners (N.C.G.S. 160D-604 (d)). b) When reviewing any map amendment, the Planning Board shall approve a brief statement describing whether its action is consistent or inconsistent with the adopted comprehensive plan and a brief statement of reasonableness. The statement of reasonableness and plan consistency required in this section may be approved as a single statement. Board members may adopt this statement when acting upon the zoning text or map amendment or as a separate motion (N.C.G.S. 160D-605). 158-3 PLANNING BOARD REVIEW AND RECOMMENDATION - After submission of a completed application, the Zoning Administrator shall conduct or oversee a comprehensive review of the application and prepare a written analysis and professional recommendation for consideration by both the Planning Board and the Board of County Commissioners., the Zoning Administrator will schedule a public hearing for the Planning Board in accordance with the published Planning Board meeting schedule that is on file in the Planning and Zoning Department. A notice of such public hearing shall be published once a week for two (2) consecutive weeks in a newspaper of general circulation in Person County. Said notice shall be published the first time not less than ten (10) days and not more than twenty-five (25) days prior to the date established for such public hearing. The Zoning PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 Administrator will be responsible for mailing written notices to all property owners within 500’ of the property including the applicant and properties separated from the subject property by street, railroad, and other transportation corridor (N.C.G.S. 160D-602). The Zoning Administrator shall require that notice be posted on the land subject to the application within the same time period specified for mailed notices of the hearing before the Board of County Commissioners (N.C.G.S. 160D-602). The applicant shall post the notice on weatherproof signs supplied by the Planning and Zoning Department, one sign per each road frontage and no more than 25’ from the street right-of-way. Signs must be clearly visible from the street and designate “Zoning Proposal Pending” with the phone number of the Planning and Zoning Department. When multiple parcels are included, a posting on each individual parcel is not required, but there should be reasonable notice provided to interested persons. a) EXCEPTION: Applications for vested rights related to Special Use Permits do not require Planning Board Review and Recommendation. ARTICLE IV - DEFINITIONS EVIDENTIARY HEARING - A hearing to gather competent, material, and substantial evidence in order to make findings for a quasi-judicial decision required by a development regulation adopted under this Ordinance. Pursuant to N.C.G.S. Chapter 160D, this requirement applies exclusively to decision-making bodies, specifically the Board of Commissioners and the Board of Adjustment (Added 5/3/21) Planning Board Rules and Procedures 4.d Notice Notice of all public hearings meetings for the calendar year shall be posted on the County website as approved by the Planning Board every December advertised in the newspaper, except for “special” public meetings hearings, which shall be advertised in accordance with the open meetings law (e.g. 48 hours prior to meeting). All such notices shall state the location of the building or lot, the general nature of the question involved, and the time and place of the hearing. The Zoning Administrator shall give public notice by all of the following means: By publishing or advertising notice to the parties of the action at least 10 days but no more than 25 days prior to the hearing. By making an attempt to notify by mail all property owners of parcels of land within 500 feet of the parcel of land that is the subject of the hearing. By posting notice of the hearing before the Board of County Commissioners by means of a “Zoning Proposal Pending” sign provided by the Planning and Zoning Department at a prominent place or places on the property which is the subject of the action at least 10 days prior to the hearing. The applicant shall post the notice with PERSON COUNTY PLANNING AND ZONING DEPARTMENT 325 S. Morgan Street, Roxboro, North Carolina 27573 one sign per each road frontage and no more than 25’ from the street right of way. Signs must be clearly visible from the street. 5. Applications and Public Hearings a. Procedure for Filing Applications i. No application shall be considered by the Board unless a completed application is received in accordance with the Filing Calendar maintained by the Planning and Zoning Department. ii. All applications shall be filed with the Planning and Zoning Department. All applications shall be made upon the form furnished for that purpose, and all required information shall be provided thereon before any application shall be considered as having been filed. b. Fees i. A fee, in accordance with a fee schedule adopted by the Board of Commissioners, shall accompany an application. No application shall be considered complete unless accompanied by the fee as herein prescribed. c. Hearings i. Public Hearing Meeting Date: 1. After receipt of a completed application per the Filing Calendar, the Board shall hear the case at the next regular or special called meeting. ii. Public Input: iii. Anyone that attends a Planning Board meeting shall have the opportunity to make public comments on any agenda item. Prior to speaking, each person shall give their name and address for the minutes of the meeting. Time limitations may be placed on speakers, at the discretion of the Chair, based upon the number of those wishing to address the Board. General Rules of Procedure: 1. All hearings and meetings shall follow the general guidelines for procedure: a. Prior to opening the floor for discussion among the members of the Board; the Chair may, at their discretion, solicit comments from the public. b. Prior to taking any motions, the Chair shall open the floor for discussion among the members of the Board. c. No vote may be taken without a motion.